PROKARYOTES AND VIRUSES

Question 1

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 1

prokaryotes are smaller
prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes have smaller ribosomes
prokaryotes have no nucleus
prokaryotic cell walls are made of peptidoglycan

Question 2

what is peptidoglycan

Answer 2

form of glycoprotein

Question 3

plasmid

Answer 3

small loop of DNA containing genes

Question 4

nucleoid

Answer 4

circular DNA free floating (no nuclear membrane), no proteins

Question 5

plasma membrane

Answer 5

made from mostly lipids and proteins

Question 6

mesosome

Answer 6

folded region of the membrane
provides a large surface area for enzymes/respiration

Question 7

ribosome

Answer 7

made of protein and RNA (70s)

Question 8

cell wall

Answer 8

made of murein/peptidoglycan

Question 9

gram stain

Answer 9

identifying types of cell wall

Question 10

gram +

Answer 10

stains purple
thick wall

Question 11

gram -

Answer 11

stains pink
thin wall with outer lipid layer

Question 12

capsule

Answer 12

thick polysaccharide layer
sticking cells together
food reserve
protection against outside chemicals and phagocytosis

Question 13

flagella

Answer 13

helical shaped tail for movement
embedded into membrane
driven by a proton (H+) gradient

Question 14

how do bacteria reproduce

Answer 14

asexually by binary fission so no exchange of genes

Question 15

describe viruses

Answer 15

acellular - not cells
they are a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein
neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic
type of obligate intracellular parasite
smaller than bacteria (less than 0.1 micrometers)
invade and reproduce in a host cell

Question 16

reverse transcriptase

Answer 16

enzyme needed for replication

Question 17

capsid

Answer 17

protein coat containing nucleic acid

Question 18

envelope viruses

Answer 18

outer layer, made of membrane from host, contains attachment proteins

Question 19

attachment proteins

Answer 19

/ glycoproteins
allow the virus to attach to host cells