PSY100

Question 1

Mind

Answer 1

The brain and its activities, including thought, emotion, and behavior

Question 2

Psychology

Answer 2

The objective study of the mind

Question 3

Behavior

Answer 3

Any action that we can observe

Question 4

The study of both mental processes and brain functions has been highly dependent on

Answer 4

The methods available to psychologists

Question 5

Introspection

Answer 5

The personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 6

Some disadvantages to introspection

Answer 6

Other people don’t know whether your observations are correct because introspection is subjective

Question 7

Psychology dates back to the

Answer 7

1870s

Question 8

What are the two major roots of psychology?

Answer 8

Philosophy and the natural sciences

Question 9

What do philosophers and psychologists have in common?

Answer 9

They both have an interest in questions regarding the nature of self. They also both consider the biological factors and environmental factors (nature/nurture) in influencing human behavior

Question 10

Name some people who are credited with discovering the biological aspects of our brain and nervous system

Answer 10

ancient physicians

Question 11

Name an important technology in the 17th and 18th centuries and why it was important?

Answer 11

Light microscope, make a series of important discoveries about the human body and mind

Question 12

Name the assumptions and biases of Western psychology

Question 13

Hermann von Helmholtz’s studies of reaction time reinforced the idea of the mind as

Answer 13

physical

Question 14

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 14

The credit for being the first psychologist

Question 15

Wundt was first to believe that

Answer 15

Conscious experience could be studied scientifically

Question 16

Voluntarism

Answer 16

An approach that emphasizes the role of will and choice in determining thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors

Question 17

What is the intergroup contact theory?

Answer 17

Under certain circumstances, positive intergroup contact can reduce prejudice towards the outgroup

Question 18

Social comparison theory

Answer 18

People will evaluate their own abilities by comparing themselves to similar others, especially when more objective measures are available

Question 19

Whose idea was the intergroup contact theory?

Answer 19

Pettigrew

Question 20

Whose idea was the social comparison theory?

Answer 20

Festinger

Question 21

Whose idea was the social learning theory?

Answer 21

Bandura

Question 22

This method is often concerned with a single variable of interest

Answer 22

Descriptive method

Question 23

This method involves the systematic observation and classification of behavior

Answer 23

Descriptive method

Question 24

This is a passive observation where observers do not change or alter ongoing behavior (at least not intentionally)

Answer 24

Naturalistic observation

Question 25

Active observation where the researcher is actively involved in the situation

Answer 25

Participant observation

Question 26

Systematic observations are made within a laboratory setting (rather than in the “real world”

Answer 26

Laboratory observation

Question 27

What are the three components of an experiment?

Answer 27

1) Involve manipulating an independent variable in order to determine its impact on a dependent variable
2) are tightly controlled, take place in the laboratory
3) participants are randomly assigned to study conditions

Question 28

WEIRD stands for

Answer 28

Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic

Question 29

an experimental design where random assignment isn’t possible

Answer 29

quasi-experiment

Question 30

Quasi-experiment vs field experiment

Answer 30

In a field experiment, random assignment is possible, but researchers have less control over the study.

Question 31

Experiments that occur in real-world settings rather than the lab

Answer 31

Field experiments

Question 32

Statistics that organize data into meaningful patterns and summaries

Answer 32

Descriptive statistics