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Drugs of Abuse > Drug Pharmacodynamics and Neurology > Flashcards

Drug Pharmacodynamics and Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

the physical effects the drug produces

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2
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

how the body processes the drug

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3
Q

What is the neurological effect of drugs?

A

The effect they have on the neurons/synapses

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4
Q

What are 7 physical effects of CNS stimulants?

A
  • confidence boost
  • talkative
  • dilated pupils
  • tachycardia
  • hypertension
  • loss of coordination
  • increased anxiety
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5
Q

What are 5 physical effects of CNS depressssssants?

A
  • bra-dyc-ardia
  • hypotension
  • nausea/vomiting
  • ssssslurred sssspeech
  • loss of coordination
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6
Q

What does a dopamine reuptake inhibitor do?

A

blocks normal absorption of dopamine

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7
Q

What does blocking of the normal absorption of dopamine result in?

A

dopamine accumulates in the synaptic cleft of dopaminergic neurons where it stimulates the receiver cell

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8
Q

What is a direct agonist drug?

A

a drug that is structurally similar to a neurotransmitter, and can therefore activate the specific receptor to the same degree

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9
Q

3 direct agonist drug examples (and which receptor)

A

3 Ms drugs mmm!
- morphine and heroin (specifically mu, delta, kappa)
- MDMA (norepinephrine and 5-HT)
- marijuana (CB1 and CB2)

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10
Q

What is an indirect agonist drug?

A

a drug that binds to the indirect/allosteric receptor site (not the same site that the neurotransmitter binds to) and then in turn that enhances the effects of the neurotransmitter

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11
Q

Indirect agonist drug example (and which receptor) and where are they located

A

benzodiazepines (GABA and GABAa, primarly located in the hippoCAMPUS )

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12
Q

Cocaine
3 things

A
  • MESOLIMBIC PATHWAY but indirectly affects it as it doesn’t produce excess dopamine
  • dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI)
  • CNS STIMULANT
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13
Q

Amphetamines
5 things

A
  • MESOLIMBIC PATHWAY directly
  • indirect agonist
  • increases release of norepinephrine
  • dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI)
  • CNS STIMULANT
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14
Q

Methamphetamines
5 things

A
  • MESOLIMBIC PATHWAY
  • indirect agonist
  • increases release of norepinephrine
  • dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI)
  • CNS STIMULANT
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15
Q

What is the difference between methamphetamines and amphetamines (neurologically)?

A

methamphetamines have a more potent effect on the PNS and CNS
- higher effect on CNS = higher levels of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

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16
Q

Nicotine

A
  • direct agonist of nicotinic acetycholine receptors (located at the neuromuscular junction), mimicking the action of acetycholine
  • resulting in release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
  • CNS STIMULANT
17
Q

Heroin and Morphine

A
  • direct agonist of opioid receptors (mu, delta, kappa - mainy found in the VTA, NAc, and hypothalamus)
  • when in the mesolimbic pathway: causes dopamine release increase
  • analgesic because it inhibits release of substance P
  • CNS DEPRESSANT
18
Q

MDMA

A
  • 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
  • direct 5-HT agonist, increases release of serotonin
  • serotonin reuptake inhibitor, so blocks normal serotonin absorption
  • increased feelings of euphoria, energy, and emotional connection
19
Q

LSD

A
  • lysergic acid diethylamide
  • agonist on 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptors
  • hallucinations
  • altered perceptions and mood changes
20
Q

Marijuana

A
  • an endocannabinoid agonist, activating CB1 and CB2 receptors
  • also influences the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters
21
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • indirect agonist of GABA and GABAa (primarly located in the hippocampus)
  • increases the chloride channel opening, leading to sedative, anxiolytic effects
22
Q

Ketamine

A
  • NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, affecting glutamate transmission
  • causes dissociatve and hallucinogenic effects, impacting perception and cognition
23
Q

Caffeine

A
  • adenosine receptor antagonist (blocks adenosine), preventing the calming effects of adenosine, thus releasing dopamine and norepinephrine
  • leads to increased alertness and wakefulness
24
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol)

A
  • GABA agonist
  • NMDA antagonist (inhibiting the activity of glutamate)
  • increase dopamine, and modulate serotonin transmission
  • CNS DEPRESSANT
25
Q

4 examples of opioids/opiates

A
  • heroin
  • fentanyl
  • morphine
  • codeine
26
Q

3 examples of hallucinogens

A
  • peyote (mescaline)
  • magic mushrooms (psilocybin)
  • DMT (dimethyltryptamine)
27
Q

5 examples of benzodiazepines

A
  • rohypnol (flunitrazepam)
  • diazepam
  • lorazepam
  • alprazolam
  • temazepam
28
Q

5 examples of CNS stimulants

A
  • caffeine
  • cocaine
  • amphetamines
  • methamphetamines
  • nicotine
29
Q

4 examples of CNS depressants

A
  • alcohol (ethanol)
  • heroin
  • GHB (γ-hydroxybutyrate)
  • benzodiazepines

Drugs of Abuse (6 decks)

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