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MCQ 1.2 > Olfactory Nerve > Flashcards

Olfactory Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the olfactory epithelium

A

It lies above the superior conchae in the nasal passages

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2
Q

How do olfactory receptor neurons work

A

Within the epithelium they send their axons through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone into the olfactory bulb

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3
Q

What does each olfactory neuron contain

A

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind only one type of odour molecule

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4
Q

Where does the sensory pathway reach

A

The cerebral cortex without passing through thalamus

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5
Q

What is the olfactory pathway

A

Olfactory receptor cells - olfactory nerves - olfactory bulb - olfactory tract - olfactory striae - olfactory cortex

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6
Q

What are olfactory receptors

A

Specialised ciliated bipolar nerve cells that lie in olfactory epithelium

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7
Q

What are groups of 15-40 olfactory receptors ensheathed with at basement membrane level

A

Glial cells

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8
Q

How is a stimuli received and passed on through an axon

A

At its dendrite from apical pole and conducts them to axon from basal pole

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9
Q

How are fila olfactoria created

A

Once axon penetrates through basement membrane it joins other non myelinated processes to form this

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10
Q

What is fila olfactoria

A

Bundles of olfactory axons

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11
Q

What do olfactory receptor cells have

A

Microvilli which extend into the aqueous and mucous fluid of the nasal epithelium

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the microvilli in the olfactory receptors

A

They form a mat on surfaces of the nasal epithelium so lipid and water soluble odour molecules must dissolve in the fluid to reach the receptor membrane

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13
Q

What do mitral cells do

A

Project along the olfactory bulbs to higher brain centres

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14
Q

What do olfactory receptor cells contact with

A

The dense dendrites of the second order mitral cells in spherical glomeruli

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15
Q

Where does the olfactory bulb lie

A

In olfactory groove within anterior cranial fossa above ethmoid bone and below frontal lobe

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16
Q

What is the synaptic glomeruli

A

Where olfactory nerve fibres synapse with mitral cells forming the collections known as this

17
Q

What happens from the glomeruli

A

Second order nerves pass posteriorly into olfactory tract

18
Q

Where does the olfactory tract run

A

Posteriorly to inferior surface of frontal lobe

19
Q

What does the olfactory tract spilt into

A

Medial and lateral olfactory striae

20
Q

What does the medial stria (root) do

A

Carries axons and crosses midline
Connects olfactory centres of 2 cerebral hemispheres

21
Q

What does the lateral stria (root) do

A

Carries olfactory fibres to end in cortex of uncus and adjacent hippocampal gyrus

22
Q

What does the primary olfactory cortex do

A

Sends nerve fibres to many other areas of brain
Receives and process sensory input and is involved in memory and appreciation of olfactory sensations

23
Q

How is special sensory smells detected

A

By olfactory mucosa located in roof of nasal cavity composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

24
Q

What 4 types of cells does the olfactory mucosa contain

A

Basal cells
Sustentacular cells
Olfactory receptor cells
Bowman’s glands

25
Q

What do basal cells do

A

Form new stem cells which new olfactory cells can develop

26
Q

What do sustentacular cells do

A

Tall cells for structural support
Analogous to glial cells located in CNS

27
Q

What are the 2 process in olfactory receptor cells

A

Dendritic process
Central process

28
Q

What is the dendritic process

A

Projects to surface of epithelium where they project a number of short cilia into mucous membrane
React to odours in air and stimulate olfactory cells

29
Q

What is the central process

A

Axon - projects in opposite direction through basement membrane

30
Q

What does the bowman’s glands do

A

Secrete mucus

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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