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Med 2024-2028 > Tissues of the body L1.1 > Flashcards

Tissues of the body L1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define histology

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

State the 4 fundamental tissue types

A
  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Muscle tissue
  3. Nervous tissue
  4. Connective (support) tissue
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3
Q

Define tissue

A

Functional arrangement of cells

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4
Q

State a function of membranes

A

Allow compartementalisation

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5
Q

State the most prominent cell structure

A
  1. Nucleus
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6
Q

State function of nucleus

A

Stores genomic DNA
Site of mRNA trasncrption
Contains NUCLEOLOS - site of RNA synthesis + initial assembly of ribosomes

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7
Q

State functions of nucleolus

A
  1. RNA synthesis
  2. Initial assembly of ribosomes
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8
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A
  1. Nucleolus
  2. Stores genomic DNA
  3. Surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane) continuous with RER
  4. Supported by network of intermediate filaments
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9
Q

Which cells have an abundance of RER?

A

Biosynthetic cells (pancreatic, acinar)

Basophilic RER stains are vert strong with basic dyes (e.g. haematoxylin)

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10
Q

Describe the structure of the RER

A

Continuous with nuclear envolope

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11
Q

Histology of pancreatic acinar cell clusters

A
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12
Q

Describe the composition of ribosomes

A

rRNA
75 distinct proteins

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13
Q

Describe the function of ribosomes

A

Catalyse protein synthesis
(large (60s) + small (40s) subunits associate when bound to mRNA in order to catalyse protein synthesis

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14
Q

State the function of free polyribosomes (polysomes)

A

Synthesis of structural, nuclear, peroxisomal, mitochondrial proteins which stay within the cell

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15
Q

State the function of membrane-bound ribosomes

A

Syntyhesis of membrane lyososomal proteins
Synthesis of proteins to be secreted

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16
Q

Describe the structure of SER

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Not associated with ribosomes

17
Q

Where is SER abundant ?

A

Liver (lipid biosynthesis)
Mammary gland (in lipid biosynthesis)
Ovary
Testis
Adrenal glands (steroidogenesis)
Muscle (storages Ca2+)

18
Q

Histology of pancreatic acinar cell

A
19
Q

State 3 functional parts of golgi apparatus

A
  1. Cis face - nuclear facing
  2. Medial golgi: central
  3. Trans golgi network
20
Q

State the role of the specific coat protein within golgi apparatus

A

Tagged on golgi apparatus
Targets vesicles to correct compartment

21
Q

Histology of Golgi Apparatus

A
22
Q

Histology of Golgi Apparatus

A
23
Q

State main types of cell vesicles

A
  1. (Cell surface-derived) endocytotic vesicles (e,g, phagocytotic)

2.( Golgi derived) transport + secretory vesicls

3.( ER derived) transport vesicles

  1. lysosomes
  2. Peroxisomes
24
Q

Where are lysosomes derived from?

A

Golgi Appartus

25
Q

How is the membrane of the lysosome not dissolved by H+ actively pumped from cytosol into lysosome?

A

Highly glycosylated membrane proteins
Protect membrane from the action of hydrolytic enzyme - vacuolar ATPase
This enzyme actively pumps H+ across membrane to maintain acidic pH for the acidic hydrolases (nuclease, proteases etc)

26
Q

State the role of membrane proteins in the membrane of the lysosome

A

Highly glycosylated membrane proteins
Protect membrane from the action of hydrolytic enzyme - vacuolar ATPase
This enzyme actively pumps H+ across membrane to maintain acidic pH for the acidic hydrolases (nuclease, proteases etc)

27
Q

What is Autophagy ?

A

Self-Eating

  1. Lysosomal breakdown of non-functioning organelles / cellular components
  2. (Homeostatic process) to prevent accumulation of damaged components in cell
  3. The digested products are recycled
28
Q

Describe the process of autophagy

A
  1. Organelle engulfed by region of SER to form autophagosome, which fuses with lysosome
29
Q

Describe how tumour cells use autophagy

A

To recycle substrates
Therefore, inhibition of autophagy can prevent cancer (inhibts the recycling of substrates)

30
Q

Histology of phagolyososome

A
31
Q

Give an example of a substance that cannot be reused after the autophagy process

A

Residual bodies
- Remnants of phagolysosomes containing indigestible material (can form lipofuscin granules)
as we age, increased amount of residual bodies in our body

32
Q
A

Med 2024-2028 (27 decks)

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