testings options

Question 1

ischemic stroke

Answer 1

blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or reduced, main cause: atherosclerosis (plaque in there)

87% of most strokes

symptoms:
weakness/numb on one side of body/face
vision probs
dizzy
headache
high BP

Question 2

compensated shock

Answer 2

pre-shock
tachycardia
vasoconstriction
bp changes
extremity pulse issues

Question 3

obstructed shock

Answer 3

bl obstructed in/out of the hrt or great vessels

Causes:
pulm embolism
cardiac tamponade
tension pneumothorax

Question 4

decompensated shock

Answer 4

body starts having probs maintaining BP, vital organs perfusion is failing.
BP drops.
labored breathing.
cyanotic
dilated pupils

Question 5

distributed shock

Answer 5

decreased bl flow to vital organs
systemic vasodilation

causes:
Sepsis
anaphylaxis

Question 6

a partner with more experience suggests your level of prehospital experience is weak…

Answer 6

(i think the answer was something on taking training)

Question 7

stab wound left of the sternum. no bubbling, clear lungs. likely what?

Answer 7

NOT open pneumo.

possibly tension pneumo if there is also tracheal deviation/JVD

Question 8

Diagnosis of tension pneumothorax should be suspected in individuals with respiratory distress, tracheal deviation, distended neck veins, low blood pressure, and decreased or absent breath sounds upon lung auscultation.

Question 9

ventilations/min for a 1yo

Answer 9

The provider will deliver 12 to 20 breaths per minute for an infant or child (approximately 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds).

Question 10

cocaine = DILATES pupils

heroine = CONSTRICTS pupils

meth = CONSTRICTS pupils

Question 11

patient is minimally responsive, pale, clammy, rapid HR. lacerated his own throat, low BP…what is this?

Answer 11

decompensated shock (the low BP)

Question 12

late signs of anaphylactic reaction:

Answer 12

decreased BP/hypotension

Question 13

trauma ptnt with JVD, you can eliminate what:

massive hemothorax

tension pneumothorax

pericardial tamponade

severe pulm contusion (NOT THIS ONE)

Answer 13

Answer must be massive hemothorax based on these notes:

a massive hemothorax is characterized by: more than 1,500 mL of blood within the pleural space. pain/heaviness in chest, sob, anxiety,rapid HR

tension pneumo:
rapid HR
chest pain
sob
JVD!
low BP

pericardial tamponade:
low BP
JVD!!
distant/muffled HR

severe pulm contusion (bruised lung from trauma) symptoms:
wheezing/coughing
sob
tachycardia
bruises on chest
(JVD unclear - but this wasn’t the correct answer)

Question 14

high qual cpr:

Answer 14

18+:
1 or 2 rescuers
30:2

infants/children:
1 rescuer
30:2
2 or more rescuers
15:2

Question 15

70-80mL of bl ejected from the:

Answer 15

heart

Question 16

stroke volume:

Answer 16

amount of bl moved in 1 beat
cardio output (CO) is the amount of bl moved in 1 minute (heart rate X stroke volume= cardio output)

Question 17

infant HR can go as high as ___ with injury/illness:

Answer 17

160

Question 18

vasoconstriction looks like:

Answer 18

pallor
weak distal pulses
delayed capillary refill (more than 2 secs)
cool hands/feet

Question 19

epiglottis:

Answer 19

sore throat
hurts swallowing
respiratory issues

Question 20

mediastinum:

Answer 20

protects vital organs in the chest

Question 21

tension pneumo:

Answer 21

lung collapses. can be caused by trauma, airbag deployment… no lung sounds on one side.

Question 22

cheyne strokes breathing:

Question 23

inhalation mechanics:

Answer 23

intercostal muscles move ribs up and down

diaphragm goes down with inhale

Question 24

BVM tidal volume ambient air:

BVM tidal volume with O2:

Question 25

pulm edema, and causes:

Answer 25

fluid in lungs

Causes:
high elevations
pneumothorax
trauma

symptoms:
drown feels
frothy sputum cough
rapid HR
cold, clammy
wheeze
edema

Question 26

with geriatric patients show abnormal behavior call, you:

Answer 26

assess the baseline mental state

Question 27

when caring for ptnt with hearing prob you should:

speak directly into their ear louder

remember they can prob read lips

ask if they want to write on paper (NO)

recall that elderly have diff hearign high freq sounds

Question 28

fem has syncope episode in her 70s, conscious, sweaty, tachyc, hypotensive. abdom tenderness and a pulsating mass on the left, is:

Answer 28

aortic aneurysm

Question 29

GEMS for geriatric patients:

Answer 29

GERIATRIC: aging, atypical presentation

Environmental: safe environment

Medical assessment:

Social Assessment: social/basic needs

Question 30

common causes of syncop in geriatrics:

Answer 30

hypotension
cardiac disorders
venous pooling
bl volume loss

EXCEPT vasoconstriction - not a common cause of syncope here.

Question 31

geriatric with cough, fever, chills, compromised immune sys you suspect:

Answer 31

pneumonia

Question 32

75 yo patient is (U), RR’s slow, pulse is weak, slow. he fell day before , has med conditions including DVT, alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis…and on bl thinners. you suspect:

Answer 32

subdural hematoma

A subdural haematoma occurs when a blood vessel in the space between the skull and the brain (the subdural space) is damaged. Blood escapes from the blood vessel, leading to the formation of a blood clot (haematoma) that places pressure on the brain and damages it.

symptoms:
headache
feeling sick
drowsy
speech changes

Question 33

geriatric hearts enlarge becuz:

Answer 33

bl pressure increases, heart works harder, chronically increased afterload

Question 34

you find an elderly patnt who fainted, supine, not moving, eyes closed, doesn’t respond when tapped. you:

Answer 34

direct ur partner to manually stabilize head while u quickly look for breathing

Question 35

with age the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage and theres an increased risk for:

Answer 35

compression fractures

Question 36

advance directive:

Answer 36

legal doc that directs relatives and caregivers regards medical treatment for patients who can’t speak for themselves

Question 37

suspect LFT sided heart failure in the geriatric if:

Answer 37

tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Question 38

motor nerve neuropathy:

Answer 38

loss of balance, muscle weakness, spasms

Question 39

during natural process of aging the number of working cilia in the resp sys decreases and makes it so:

Answer 39

decreased ability to cough

Question 40

when caring for elderly with hearing probs, note:

Answer 40

recall that elderly have difficutly hearing high - freq sounds