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[Hematology 2] Lec > CHAPTER 1 - HEMOSTASIS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 - HEMOSTASIS Flashcards

1
Q

purplish red, pinpoint hemorrhagic spots in the skin

A

Petechiae

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2
Q

caused by loss of capillary ability to withstand normal blood pressure and trauma.

A

Petechiae

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3
Q

1-2 mm

A

Petechiae

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4
Q

cause: rupture of weak capillary (due to genetics, thrombocytopenia (low plt ct))

A

Petechiae

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5
Q

non-blanching (Diff to rash) or non-palpable

A

Petechiae

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6
Q

produced by hemorrhage of blood into small areas of skin, mucous membranes, and other tissues

A

Purpura

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7
Q

First appears red-purple the turns brownish yellow

A

Purpura

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8
Q

> or = 3 mm

A

Purpura

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9
Q

Bigger than Petechiae

A

Purpura

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10
Q

Coalesced Petechiae (united)

A

Purpura

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11
Q

small areas of the skin and mm, and other tissues

A

Purpura

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12
Q

cause: bleeding under the skin (hemmorhage)

A

Purpura

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13
Q

Purpura types:

(exists on the kin)
(from the skin, deeper to mm)

more significat

A

dry type

wet type

wet type

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14
Q

appears like hemmorhagic blisters

A

Purpura

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15
Q

indicates thrombocytopenia)

A

Purpura

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16
Q

non-blanching or palpable

A

Purpura

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17
Q

a form of purpura in which blood escapes into large areas of skin or mucous membranes, but not into deep tissue.

A

Ecchymosis

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18
Q

Appears Black/blue then turns greenish brown to yellow

A

Ecchymosis

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19
Q

> 1-2 cms

A

Ecchymosis

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20
Q

bruising on large areas of the skin (subcutaneous accumulation of blood)

A

Ecchymosis

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21
Q

difference in color is caused by breakdown of Hb to biliverdin to bilirubiin

A

Ecchymosis

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22
Q

Cause: on going coagulation or damage to the blood

A

Ecchymosis

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23
Q

Nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

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24
Q

One of the symptoms of vascular fragility

A

Epistaxis

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25
Q

low plt ct or genetic cause

A

Epistaxis

Petechiae

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26
Q

significance: vasc fragility (hema)

A

Epistaxis

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27
Q

leakage of blood into a joint cavity

A

Hemarthrosis (-ses for plural)

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28
Q

Cause: trauma

A

Hemarthrosis (-ses for plural)

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29
Q

attributed to bleeding disorders ex: Hemophilia, any other casesw/ cog factor deficiency

A

Hemarthrosis (-ses for plural)

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30
Q

vomiting of blood

A

Hematemesis

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31
Q

Cause: ulceration in the GIT

A

Hematemesis

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32
Q

vomiting from GI

A

Hematemesis

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33
Q

happens when blood vessels does not close

A

Hematemesis

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34
Q

Hematemesis 3 components:

A

o BV
o CF
o Plt

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35
Q

expectoration of blood secondary to hemorrhage in the larynx, trachea, bronchi or lungs

A

Hemoptysis

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36
Q

Spitting of blood from the respiratory system

A

Hemoptysis

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37
Q

a swelling or tumor in the tissues or a body cavity that contains clotted blood

A

Hematoma

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38
Q

> 2-3 cm

A

Hematoma

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39
Q

solid clot causing swelling under skin

A

Hematoma

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40
Q

cause: broken blood vessels and bleeding disorders

A

Hematoma

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41
Q

hard and painful

A

Hematoma

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42
Q

in vivo blood clot causing vascular occlusion and tissue ischemia

A
43
Q

7 fates:

A
44
Q
  • travels around the body
A

propagation

45
Q

-clot w/ many substances

A

Emboli formation

46
Q

Emboli formation 3 cpts:

A

plt
trapped rbc
fibrin

47
Q

floating in the cavities

A

Foreign body

48
Q
  • clot gets infected
A

Abscession

49
Q
  • normal; dissolving of clot once formed
A

Dissolution

50
Q

dissolution of clot

A

fibrnolysis

51
Q

thrombus stocked can impede blood flow causing kidney shutdown

stock in canals

A

Recanalize

52
Q

Tissue ischemia

A

Recanalize

53
Q

cannot fibrinolize

  • clot calcifies
A

Calsification

54
Q

formation, presence of a clot in a blood vessel

A

Thrombosis

55
Q

presence of intact red cells in the urine

A

Hematuria

56
Q

Intact rbc

A

Hematuria

57
Q

Fresh bleeding near the sex organ

A

Hematuria

58
Q

bleeding in the lower portion (urethra, bladder)

A

Hematuria

59
Q

Clear, yellow after centrifugation

A

Hematuria

60
Q

presence of hemoglobin in the urine

A

Hemoglobinur ia

61
Q

Lysed rbc

A

Hemoglobinur ia

62
Q

bleeding in the upper portion (kidney)

A

Hemoglobinur ia

63
Q

Red after centrifugation

A

Hemoglobinur ia

64
Q

passage of dark tarry stool containing decomposing blood

A

Melena

65
Q

Dark tarry red stool

A

Melena

66
Q

dried up blood

A

Melena

67
Q

bleeding in the upper GIT

A

Melena

68
Q

excessive menstrual bleeding

A

Menorrhagia

69
Q

Heavy bleeding

A

Menorrhagia

70
Q

lasts for > 7 days

A

Menorrhagia

71
Q

cause: hormonal or fibroids (cysts)

A

Menorrhagia

72
Q

resulting to anemia

A

Menorrhagia

73
Q

passage of blood in feces

A

Hematochezia

74
Q

Bright red stool

A

Hematochezia

75
Q

fresh bleeding

A

Hematochezia

76
Q

bleeding in the lower GIT

A

Hematochezia

77
Q

decreased formation of clots

A

HYPOCOAGULATION

78
Q

increased formation of clots

A

HYPERCOAGULATION

79
Q

bleeeding disorders

A

HYPOCOAGULATION

80
Q

thrombotic/clotting disorders

A

HYPERCOAGULATION

81
Q

: a complex mechanism that,

-retains the blood within the vascular system during periods of injury (vasoconstriction)
-localizes the reaction involved to the site of injury. (platelet adhesion and aggregation)
-repairs and re-establishes blood flow through the injured vessels. (Coagulation and fibrinolysis)

A

HEMOSTASIS

82
Q

-retains the blood within the vascular system during periods of injury (?)

A

vasoconstriction

83
Q

-localizes the reaction involved to the site of injury. (?)

A

platelet adhesion and aggregation

84
Q

-repairs and re-establishes blood flow through the injured vessels. (?)

A

Coagulation and fibrinolysis

85
Q

Three Components of Hemostasis:

A

1) Extravascular component
2) Vascular component
3) Intravascular component

86
Q

Stages of Hemostasis

A
87
Q

B. Secondary Hemostasis
-Activated by large injuries to the blood vessel, releasing tissue factor.
Steps involved:
a) Activation of coagulation proteins.
b) Stabilization of platelet plug.
c) Fibrinolysis.
-Characteristics: Delayed, long term
-Regulation: Naturally occurring inhibitors block activated coagulation factors to avoid

A

a) Blood vessel constriction
b) Platelet function cascade
c) Product: Platelet plug formation

88
Q

-activated by desquamation of damaged endothelial cells from small tissue injuries.

A

A. Primary Hemostasis

89
Q

-Characteristics: Rapid, short-lived response.

A

A. Primary Hemostasis

90
Q

-Activated by large injuries to the blood vessel, releasing tissue factor.

A

B. Secondary Hemostasis

91
Q

B. Secondary Hemostasis Steps involved:

A

a) Activation of coagulation proteins
b) Stabilization of platelet plug.
c) Fibrinolysis.

92
Q

-Characteristics: Delayed, long term

A

B. Secondary Hemostasis

93
Q

-Regulation: Naturally occurring inhibitors block activated coagulation factors to avoid widespread coagulation.

A

B. Secondary Hemostasis

94
Q

: These substances work against the coagulation process, preventing blood coagulation.

A

1) ANTICOAGULANTS

95
Q

Warfarin is an example of this.

A

1) ANTICOAGULANTS

96
Q

: initiates the process of fibrinolysis or blood clot degradation.

A

2) FIBRINOLYTIC

97
Q

: substances that keep the blood vessels from narrowing or contracting.

A

3) VASODILATOR

98
Q

It causes the blood vessel’s interior (lumen) to widen.

A

3) VASODILATOR

99
Q

: substances that tighten or shrink the blood vessels.

A

4) VASOCONSTRICTOR

100
Q

It causes the blood vessels’ lumen to be smaller.

A

4) VASOCONSTRICTOR

101
Q

: a substance that is necessary for the coagulation of blood to occur.

A

5) PROCOAGULANT

102
Q

These promote/stimulate coagulation,
hence known as “hemostatic agents.”

A

5) PROCOAGULANT

103
Q

Examples of these are Tissue factor and FXa.

A

5) PROCOAGULANT

[Hematology 2] Lec (29 decks)

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