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[Hematology 2] Lec > CHAPTER 1 - HEMOSTASIS PART 4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 - HEMOSTASIS PART 4 Flashcards

1
Q
  • resemble myeloblast and pronormoblast.
A

A. Megakaryoblast

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2
Q
  • Cytoplasm is abundant, with minimal lobularity
A

B. Promegakaryocyte

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3
Q

-nucleus is lobulated and basophilic.

A

C.Megakaryocyte

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4
Q

Cytoplasm is granular and azurophilic.

A

C.Megakaryocyte

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5
Q

With DMS

A

C.Megakaryocyte

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6
Q

: future platelet

A

D. Metamegakaryocyte

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7
Q

Nucleus* MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

A

Round

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8
Q

Nucleus* MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

A

Indented

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9
Q

Nucleus* MK-III (Megakaryocyte)

A

Multilobed

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10
Q

Chromatin* MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

A

Homogenous

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11
Q

Chromatin* MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

A
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12
Q

Chromatin* MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

A

Deeply and variably condensed

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13
Q

Endomitosis* MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

A
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14
Q

Endomitosis* MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

A
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15
Q

Endomitosis* MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

A
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16
Q

Demarcation system Present (Rodak’s)

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)
MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)
MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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17
Q

Demarcation system Present (Steininger)

A

MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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18
Q

20

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

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19
Q

25

A

MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

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20
Q

55

A

MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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21
Q

14—18 mm

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

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22
Q

15—40 mm

A

MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

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23
Q

30—50 mm

A

MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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24
Q

2—6

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

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25
Q

Variable

A

MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

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26
Q

Not visible

A

MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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27
Q

3:1

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

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28
Q

1:2

A

MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

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29
Q

1:4

A

MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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30
Q

Mitosis Absent

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)
MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)
MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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31
Q

Basophilic

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)

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32
Q

Basophilic and granular

A

MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)

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33
Q

Azurophilic and granular

A

MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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34
Q

a-Granules Present

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)
MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)
MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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35
Q

Dense granules Present

A

MK-I (Megakaryoblast)
MK-II (Promegakaryocyte)
MK-III(Megakaryocyte)

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36
Q

Platelets- originated from

A

megakaryocyte cytoplasm

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37
Q

Platelets Characteristics:

A

-Granular cytoplasm
-No nuclear material

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38
Q

-Size:

A

2-4 um (2.5 um)

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39
Q

Types of platelets:

A

RESTING PLATELET
STRESS PLATELET

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40
Q

-MPV:

A

7 fL (8-10 fL)

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41
Q

-Lifespan:

A

9-10 days (8-11 days)

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42
Q

-Normal count:

A

150450x10^9/L (150-400)

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43
Q

Normally biconvex

A

RESTING PLATELET

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44
Q

Markedly larger than normal platelet

A

STRESS PLATELET

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45
Q

RESTING PLATELET EDTA:

A

round

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46
Q

RESTING PLATELET Wright stained smear:

A

circular/irregular

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47
Q

STRESS PLATELET EDTA:

A

round

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48
Q

STRESS PLATELET Citrated blood:

A

cylindrical (pencil-shape) or beaded

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49
Q

STRESS PLATELET MPV:

A

> 6 um; 12to 14 fL

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50
Q

Flow smoothly in veins

A

RESTING PLATELET

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51
Q

Carry ribosomes and fragment of RER

A

STRESS PLATELET

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52
Q

It moves back and forth from venules to the white pulp (sequestration)

A

RESTING PLATELET

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53
Q

Comes from rapid proplatelet extension and release

A

STRESS PLATELET

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54
Q

**Sequestered platelet

A

RESTING PLATELET

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55
Q

***Prothrombic

A

STRESS PLATELET

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56
Q

-Primary Hemostasis-

A

maintain vascular integrity

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57
Q

-Secondary Hemostasis-

A

participates in blood coagulation.

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58
Q

I. Peripheral Zone- contains

A

Glycocalyx, Plasma Membrane and Submembrane area

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59
Q

a) Glycocalyx
-Gp [?]

A

la,lIb,Ic, lla, lIb,IlI, IV and V

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60
Q

a) Glycocalyx
-Surface for the adherence of CF:

A

I,V, VII, XI, XII, XIII

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61
Q

a) Glycocalyx
-VWF:[?]

A

VIII

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62
Q
  • underlies the plasma membrane; receives message from outside
A

Il. Submembrane Area

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63
Q
  • underlies the submembrane filaments
A

IlI. Sol-Gel Zone

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64
Q

contractile force after activation of platelets

A

a) Microtubules:

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65
Q

cytoskeleton

A

b) Microfilaments:

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66
Q

communication of the organelles

A

c) Sol gel stable gel component:

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67
Q

IV. Organelle Zone: (Refer to page 14/93 of your module)

A
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68
Q

V. Membrane System:

A

-Open Canalicular System
-Dense Tubular System

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69
Q

: for external communication

A

-Open Canalicular System

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70
Q

: for arachidonic synthesis

A

-Dense Tubular System

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71
Q

HMWK

A

Alpha

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72
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Alpha

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73
Q

Factor V and VIll:wWE

A

Alpha

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74
Q

Thrombospond

A

Alpha

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75
Q

PF4

A

Alpha

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76
Q

Beta thromboglobulin

A

Alpha

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77
Q

PDGF

A

Alpha

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78
Q

Plasminogen and a-2 antiplasmin

A

Alpha

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79
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor

A

Alpha

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80
Q

ADP

A

Dense

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81
Q

АТР

A

Dense

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82
Q

Calcium

A

Dense

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83
Q

Magnesium

A

Dense

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84
Q

Serotonin

A

Dense

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85
Q

-adheres to detached/injured endothelium

A

Adhesion

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86
Q
  • shape change
A

Platelet Release Reaction

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87
Q

-Alpha and Dense granules release substances

A

Platelet Release Reaction

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88
Q

Platelet aggregation -

A

Glycoprotein and Fibrinogen

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89
Q

Vasoconstriction-

A

serotonin

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90
Q

Clot formation-

A

PF3

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91
Q

PLATELETS - originated from megakaryocyte cytoplasm thru

A

platelet shedding or thrombopoiesis

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92
Q

More specific for plt production

A

thrombopoiesis

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93
Q

: acts on megakaryocyte to shed off platelet

A

thrombopoietin

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94
Q

stimulated BM to roduce megakaryocyte; induces production and proliferation

A

thrombopoietin

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95
Q

thrombopoietin targets

A

megakaryocyte and platelet

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96
Q

needed to shed off platelet

A

growth factors/cytokines

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97
Q

: induces plt shedding

A

Interleukin 3, 6, 11

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98
Q

is not automatic

A

shedding of cytoplasm

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99
Q

[?] is released in the circulation → sequestered in the [?] due to small arterioles → megakaryocyte proceed to the smallest one allowing only [?] to pass thru leaving the cytoplasm → cytoplasm gets perforated by macrophage to divide into small pieces that becomes the [?]

A

megakaryocyte

spleen

nucleus

platelet

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100
Q

– production of megakaryocyte

A

Megakaryopoiesis

101
Q

: no granules yet (starts w/ promyelocyte)

A

Myeloblast

102
Q

primary granules -

A

promyelocyte

103
Q

secondary -

A

myelocyte

104
Q

tertiary -

A

metamyelocyte

105
Q
  • none yet
A

pronormoblast

106
Q

all look the same in al blasts

A

size, appearance and cytoplasm

107
Q

is distinguishable from myeloblast and pronormoblast in terms of size (more cytoplasm)

A

Promegakaryocyte

108
Q

Megakaryocyte
[?] stage (Rodaks); [?] (Steininger)

A

Last and final

third

109
Q

Produces platelet (Rodaks)

A

Megakaryocyte

110
Q

Produces platelet (Steininger)

A

Metamegakaryocyte

111
Q

has a demarcation system

A

Megakaryocyte

112
Q

: extension of platelet; marks the boundary of a true cytoplasm from an extension cytoplasm

A

demarcation system

113
Q

Not all produces platelet. Not because of long DMS or large cytoplasm but because it must have

A

at least 4 nuclei

114
Q

there is already a complete DMS where future platelet are derived from

A
115
Q

Platelet comes from the DMS

A

Metamegakaryocyte

116
Q

2 organelles/component of platelet:

A

mitochondria and granules

117
Q

does not have a nuclues (not true blood cell)

A

platelet

118
Q

one of the most fxnal blood cell in the body

A

platelet

119
Q

Diseases of large platelet:

A
120
Q

[?] has higher plt ct – [?] are born with faster plt production

A

Women

woman

121
Q

men:

A

122 to 350

122
Q

women:

A

140 to 379

123
Q

Men has higher rbc – woman has [?] that inhibits erythropoiesis

A

estrogen

124
Q

• Diameter

A

2 - 4 um (range) 2.5 um (average)

125
Q

• MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)

A

8 - 10 fL (range): Actual
2 - 20 fL: Automated
7 fL (average) ): Actual

126
Q

• Reference platelet count

A

150,000 - 450,000/pL (Steininger)
150,000 - 400,000/pL (Rodak’s)*

127
Q

• Daily turnover

A

35 X 10%/L (+/- 43)

128
Q

• Lifespan

A

8 - 11 days
9 - 10 days (Rodak’s)*

129
Q

• Function

A

maintenance of vascular integrity and blood coagulation

130
Q

Circulating or Peripheral platelet

A

RESTING PLATELET

131
Q

– seen in blood smear

A

Circulating or Peripheral platelet

132
Q

(1D – other side can be seen)

A

EDTA: round

133
Q

(2D)

A

Wright stained smear: circular/irregular

134
Q

Normally biconvex

A

RESTING PLATELET

135
Q

Flow smoothly in veins

A

RESTING PLATELET

136
Q

It moves back and forth from venules to the white pulp (sequestration)

A

RESTING PLATELET

137
Q

:Some plt are found in the speel and not circulating, otherwise, prothrombic (may clot)

A

Sequestered platelet

138
Q

Circulating:

A

2/3

139
Q

Spleen: sequestered in the spleen

A

1/3 (30%)

140
Q

Hides and used up during bleeding

A

Sequestered platelet

141
Q

Occurs in injury, inflammation, and surgeries

A

Sequestered platelet

142
Q

Markedly larger than normal platelet

A

STRESS PLATELET

143
Q

Reticulated platelet

A

STRESS PLATELET

144
Q

– forced by BM to mature when needed

A

Reticulated platelet

145
Q

Carry ribosomes and fragment of RER like rbc from megakaryocyte

A

STRESS PLATELET

146
Q

Comes from rapid proplatelet extension and release

A

STRESS PLATELET

147
Q

More clots are produced when released to the circulation sinceit is very reactive

A

Prothrombic

148
Q

accumulated/occluded clot may proceed to the brain or heart

A

Prothrombic

149
Q

px is prone to cardiovascular disease

A

Prothrombic

150
Q

Occurs in thrombocytopenia

A

Prothrombic

151
Q

Lines the endothelium

A

Primary Hemostasis

152
Q

Provides phospholipid membrane

A

Secondary Hemostasis

153
Q

– assembly area of coagulation (Plt FIII)

A

phospholipid membrane

154
Q

outer portio

A

Glycocalyx

155
Q

thicker than cytoplasma of rbc and wbc has the F III

A

Glycocalyx

156
Q

surface for the adherence of CF

A

Glycocalyx

157
Q

serves as a surface coat and has a very thick (than rbc) and dense (than wbc) charac

A

Glycocalyx

158
Q

: imp for adherence and aggregation

A

Gp Ia, Ib,Ic, IIa, lIb, III, IV and V

159
Q

: adhesion

A

Ib-IX-V complex

o P1 selectin
o MAC 1

160
Q

: agggregation

A

IIb-IIa

161
Q

Surface for the adherence of CF:

A

I,V,VII, XI, XII, XIII

162
Q

used glycocalyx of platelet as surface adherence area

A

I,V,VII, XI, XII, XIII

163
Q

VWF: VIII - one complex
: imp for platelet
: imp for coagulation

A

VWF
VIII

164
Q

underlies the plasma membrane; receives message from outside

A

Submembrane Area

165
Q

underlies the submembrane filaments

A

Sol-Gel Zone

166
Q

shape change denotes inactivation due to:

A

a) Microtubules
b) Microfilaments
c) Sol gel stable gel component

167
Q

: contractile force after activation of platelets

A

a) Microtubules

168
Q

: cytoskeleton

A

b) Microfilaments

169
Q

– exists in the muscle

A

actin and myosin : actomyosin

170
Q

– exists in the platelet

A

thrombostenin

171
Q

: communication of the organelles

A

Sol gel stable gel component

172
Q

regulates arrangement of organelles

A

Sol gel stable gel component

173
Q

: responsible for shape change

A

Microtubules and Microfilaments

174
Q

supports discoid shape of plt

A

Microtubules and Microfilaments

175
Q

Membrane System

A

-Open Canalicular System
-Dense Tubular System

176
Q

: for external communication

A

-Open Canalicular System

177
Q

: for arachidonic synthesis

A

-Dense Tubular System

178
Q

CAMPAS

A

Calcium – ATP – Magnesium – Phosphate ADP – Serotonin

179
Q

First four promotes aggregation

A

Calcium – ATP – Magnesium – Phosphate

180
Q

Physical Properties and Functions of Platelets

A
  1. Adhesion
  2. Platelet Release Reaction
  3. Platelet aggregation
181
Q

Platelets adhere only on detached or injured Endothelium

A

Adhesion

182
Q

Requires plasma von Willebrand Factor & Gp Ib-IX complex

A

Adhesion

183
Q

Platelet undergoes shape change.

A

Platelet Release Reaction

184
Q

Alpha & dense granules release substances that will contribute to platelet aggregation and activation of the coagulation system

A

Platelet Release Reaction

185
Q

Requires Gp IIb-IIIa and plasma fibrinogen

A

Platelet aggregation

186
Q

Other functions

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Clot formation
187
Q

Enhanced by serotonin released from platelets

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
188
Q

Platelet factor 3 is needed for the formation of active plasma thromboplastin

A
  1. Clot formation
189
Q

A lipoprotein (phospholipid) found in platelet granules & membrane and required in 2 steps of the coagulation process

A

PF3*

190
Q

A glycoprotein stored in the alpha granules and is extruded during the platelet release reaction

A

PF4*

191
Q

aids in ADP-induced platelet aggregation and inhibits effect of heparin

A

PF4*

192
Q

Plasma coagulation factor V

A

PF1

193
Q

A globulin that inhibits antithrombin III

A

PF2

194
Q

increases platelet aggregation and accelerates interaction of thrombin and fibrinogen (fibrinoplastic platelet factor)

A

PF2

195
Q

Platelet fibrinogen

A

PF 5

196
Q

A plasma inhibitor associated with platelets

A

PF6

197
Q

Cothromboplastin

A

PF7

198
Q

Antithromboplastin factor

A

PF8

199
Q

Accelerator globulin stabilizing factor

A

PF9

200
Q

Serotonin found in the dense granules

A

PF 10

201
Q

Promote coagulation

A

Alpha granules

202
Q

Promote aggregation

A

Dense bodies

Alpha granules

203
Q

Promote vasoconstriction

A

Dense bodies

Membrane phospholipids

204
Q

Promote vascular repair

A

Alpha granules

205
Q

Other systems

A

Alpha granules

206
Q

Contact activation of intrinsic coagulation pathway

A

HMWK

207
Q

Converted to fibrin for clot formation

A

Fibrinogen

208
Q

Cofactor in fibrin clot formation

A

Factor V

209
Q

Assists platelet adhesion to subendothelium to provide coagulation surface

A

Von Willebrand factor

210
Q

Promotes vasoconstriction at injury site

A

Serotonin

Thromboaxane A2 precursors

211
Q

Promotes smooth muscle growth

A

Platelet-derived growth factor

212
Q

Chemotactic for fibroblasts

A

Beta- thromboglobulin

213
Q

Precursor to plasmin, which induces clot affected

A

Plasminogen

214
Q

Plasmin inhibitor; inhibits clot lysis

A

a-2 – antiplasmin

215
Q

Complement system inhibitor

A

C1 esterase inhibitor

216
Q

Alpha granules

A

HMWK
Fibrinogen
Factor V
Von Willebrand factor
Platelet factor 4
Thrombospondin
Platelet-derived growth factor
Plasminogen
a-2 – antiplasmin
C1 esterase inhibitor

217
Q

Dense bodies

A

ADP
Calcium
Serotonin

218
Q

Membra ne phosphol ipids

A

Thromboaxane
A2 precursors

219
Q

Promote coagulation

A

HMWK
Fibrinogen
Factor V
Von Willebrand factor

220
Q

Promote aggregation

A

ADP
Calcium
Platelet factor 4
Thrombospondin

221
Q

HMWK

A

Promote coagulation

222
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Promote coagulation

223
Q

Factor V

A

Promote coagulation

224
Q

Von Willebrand factor

A

Promote coagulation

225
Q

ADP

A

Promote aggregation

226
Q

Calcium

A

Promote aggregation

227
Q

Platelet factor 4

A

Promote aggregation

228
Q

Thrombospondin

A

Promote aggregation

229
Q

Serotonin

A

Promote vasoconstri ction

230
Q

Thromboaxane A2 precursors

A

Promote vasoconstri ction

231
Q

Platelet-derived growth factor

A

Promote vascular repair

232
Q

Beta- thromboglobulin

A

Promote vascular repair

233
Q

Other systems

A

Plasminogen
a-2 – antiplasmin
C1 esterase inhibitor

234
Q

A lipoprotein (phospholipid) found in platelet granules & membrane

A

PF3*

235
Q

required in 2 steps of the coagulation process

A

PF3*

236
Q

A glycoprotein stored in the alpha granules

A

PF4*

237
Q

aids in ADP-induced platelet aggregation

A

PF4*

238
Q

extruded during the platelet release reaction

A

PF4*

239
Q

inhibits effect of heparin

A

PF4*

240
Q

Platelet fibrinogen

A

PF 5

241
Q

A plasma inhibitor associated with platelets

A

PF6

242
Q

Cothromboplastin

A

PF7

243
Q

Antithromboplastin factor

A

PF8

244
Q

Accelerator globulin stabilizing factor

A

PF9

245
Q

Serotonin found in the dense granules

A

PF 10

246
Q

Plasma coagulation factor V

A

PF1

247
Q

A globulin that inhibits antithrombin III

A

PF2

248
Q

increases platelet aggregation and accelerates interaction of thrombin and fibrinogen

A

PF2

249
Q

fibrinoplastic platelet factor

A

PF2

[Hematology 2] Lec (29 decks)

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