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MGT 301: Principles of Management > Organizational Environments and Cultures > Flashcards

Organizational Environments and Cultures Flashcards

1
Q

What are external environments?

A

All events outside a company that have the potential to influence or affect it.

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2
Q

What are the 4 parts of an external environment?

A
  1. Environmental Change.
  2. Resource Scarcity.
  3. Uncertainty.
  4. Environmental Complexity.
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3
Q

What are environmental changes?

A

The rate at which a company’s general and specific environments change.

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4
Q

What is a stable environment?

A

An environment in which the rate of change is slow.
ex: Automotive, energy.

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5
Q

What is a dynamic environment?

A

An environment in which the rate of change is fast.
ex: Tech, fashion.

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6
Q

What is punctuated equilibrium theory?

A

The theory that companies go through long periods of stability (equilibrium), followed by short periods of dynamic, fundamental change (revolutionary periods), and then a new equilibrium.
ex: New CEO, plant manager, change to how a product is made.

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7
Q

What is environmental complexity?

A

The number and intensity of external factors in the environment that affect organizations.

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8
Q

What is a simple environment?

A

An environment with few environmental factors.
ex: Milk production.

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9
Q

What is a complex environment?

A

An environment with many environmental factors.
ex: Entertainment.

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10
Q

What is resource scarcity?

A

The abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization’s external environment.

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11
Q

What is uncertainty?

A

The extent to which managers can understand or predict which environmental changes and trends will affect their businesses.

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12
Q

What is a general environment?

A

The economic, sociocultural, technological, and legal/political trends that indirectly affect all organizations.

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13
Q

What is a specific environment?

A

The customers, suppliers, competitors, advocacy groups, and industry regulations that are unique to an industry and directly affect how a company does business.

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14
Q

What are business confidence indices?

A

Indices that show a manager’s level of confidence about future business growth.

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15
Q

What is technology?

A

The knowledge, techniques, and tools used to transform inputs into outputs.

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16
Q

What are competitors?

A

Companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services to costumers.

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17
Q

What is competitive analysis?

A

A process for monitoring the competition that involves identifying competition, determining their strengths and weaknesses, and anticipating their moves.

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18
Q

What are suppliers?

A

Companies that provide material, informational, financial , human resources to other companies.

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19
Q

What is supplier dependence?

A

The degree to which a company relies on a supplier because of the importance of the supplier’s product to the company and the difficulty of finding other sources of that product.

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20
Q

What is buyer dependence?

A

The degree to which a supplier relies on a buyer because of the importance of that buyer to the supplier and the difficulty of finding other buyers for its products.

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21
Q

What is an advocacy group?

A

Concerned citizens who band together to try to influence the business practices of specific industries, professions, and businesses.

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22
Q

What is opportunistic behavior?

A

A transaction in which one party in the relationship benefits at the expense of the other.

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23
Q

What is relationship behavior?

A

The establishment of mutually beneficial, long-term exchanges between suppliers and buyers.

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24
Q

What are industrial regulations?

A

Rules and regulations that govern the business practices and procedures of businesses, specific industries, professions.

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25
Q

What is media advocacy?

A

An advocacy group tactic that involves framing issues as public issues; exposing questionable, unethical, and exploitative practices; and forcing media coverage by creating controversy that is likely to receive extensive news coverage or buying media time.

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26
Q

What is public communications?

A

An advocacy group tactic that relies on voluntary participation by the news media and the advertising industry to get the advocacy group’s message out.

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27
Q

What is environmental scanning?

A

Searching the environment for important events or issues that might affect an organization.

28
Q

What does environmental scanning do for an organization?

A
  1. Affects organizational strategy.
  2. Affects organizational performance.
  3. Decreases uncertainty.
29
Q

What is a product boycott?

A

An advocacy group tactic that involves protesting a company’s actions by persuading consumers not to purchase its product or service.

30
Q

What are cognitive maps?

A

Graphic depictions of how managers believe environmental factors relate to possible organizational actions.

31
Q

What is an internal environment?

A

The events and trends inside an organization that affect management, organizational, and employee culture.

32
Q

What is behavioral addition?

A

The process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the new organizational culture the company wants to create.

33
Q

What are visible artifacts?

A

Visible signs of an organization’s culture.
ex: Company benefits and perks, company dress code, stock options, office design and layout.

34
Q

What is organizational culture?

A

The values, attitudes, and beliefs shared by organizational members.

35
Q

How is organizational culture learned?

A

By interacting with other members of the organization.

36
Q

What are the 9 sources of organizational culture?

A
  1. Founder.
  2. Celebrations.
  3. Heroes.
  4. Shared History.
  5. Structural Stability.
  6. Patterning or Integrating.
  7. Breadth.
  8. Depth.
  9. Organizational stories.
37
Q

Why is the founder important to organizational culture?

A

The founder’s values and way of doing things are foundational to how the company is run.

38
Q

What is a company mission?

A

A company’s purpose or reason for existing.

39
Q

What are organizational stories?

A

Stories told by organizational members to make sense of organizational events and changes and to emphasize culturally consistent actions, decisions, and assumptions.

40
Q

What are organizational heroes?

A

People celebrated for their qualities and achievements within an organization.

41
Q

What are celebrations/organizational ceremonies?

A

A gathering in which symbolic acts commemorate or celebrate notable achievements or changes.

42
Q

What is consistent organizational culture?

A

When a company culture actively defines and teaches organizational attitudes, beliefs, and values.

43
Q

What is seen/surface level culture?

A

Behavior, Symbolic artifacts, What is said.

44
Q

What is heard/expressed culture?

A

How decisions are explained and made, widely shared beliefs.

45
Q

What is believed/unconscious assumptions and beliefs?

A

Rarely discussed, inherent.

46
Q

How long does it take to change organizational culture?

A

5-10 years.

47
Q

What are 2 ways to change organizational culture?

A
  1. Change what is posted in the individual offices and around the office in general.
  2. Hire people with the same values that you are trying to enact.
48
Q

What is behavioral substitution?

A

The process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors central to the new organizational culture in place of behaviors that were central to the old organizational culture.

49
Q

What has been the most notable concern of CEOs and policymakers in the last decade?

A

Income inequality.

50
Q

In 2017, the top 1% had what % of the world’s overall wealth?

A

50.1%.

51
Q

In 2013, 85 people had the same amount of wealth as the bottom ___ of the world.

A

50%.

52
Q

American workers believe CEOs make roughly __ times what the average employee makes. In reality, it is ___ times what the average employee makes.

A

30, 350.

53
Q

What happens as CEO compensation increases?

A

Employee unrest increases, more difficult for CEOs to connect with their workers, college looks less appealing, lower voter turn out rates, reduced housing options.

54
Q

What 3 perspectives do managers determine priorities using?

A
  1. Social.
  2. Relational.
  3. Economic.
55
Q

How can competitive advantage be gained through people?

A

Training and skill development, sharing info., selective hiring.

56
Q

What are the 5 parts of an organizations special environment?

A
  1. Advocacy groups.
  2. Customers.
  3. Industrial regulations.
  4. Suppliers.
  5. Competitors.
57
Q

What are the 2 ways that organizations respond to customers?

A
  1. Reactive.
  2. Proactive.
58
Q

What is responding to the specific environment in a reactive way look like?

A

Hearing the demands of customers and meeting them.

59
Q

What is responding to the specific environment in a proactive way look like?

A

Creating products that people did not realize they needed.

60
Q

What are some things suppliers provide organizations?

A
  1. Raw materials.
  2. Information.
61
Q

What is the goal of an advocacy group?

A

To influence an organization or industry to implement something or stop doing something. Often have a political motivation.

62
Q

What are the 2 ways managers can interpret environmental factors?

A
  1. Threat.
  2. Opportunity.
63
Q

How do managers respond to threats in the specific environment?

A

They take steps to protect the company from further harm.

64
Q

How do managers respond to opportunities in the specific environment?

A

Managers consider strategic alternatives for taking advantage of those events to improve company performance.

65
Q
A

MGT 301: Principles of Management (11 decks)

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