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.infection & immunity > Canine diseases > Flashcards

Canine diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Parvoviridae

A

DNA virus
Affects rapidly dividing cells (polymerase) in crypts of intestine, BM and fetus
Stable in feces (>2 years)

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2
Q

Where are parvoviruses severe?

A

Fetuses and neonates
Rapidly dividing hemopoietic precursors, lymphocytes and progenitor cells of the intestinal mucosa

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3
Q

K9 parvovirus 2

A

Highly contagious (fecal-oral)
Infects all Canidae family

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4
Q

Clinical features of K9 parvovirus 2

A

Rapidly growing pups: 6w-6m
Mild or sub-clinical disease

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5
Q

Enteritis syndrome with parvovirus 2

A

Intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea
Vomiting initial sign, feces streaked with blood until recovery or death from bacteremia

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6
Q

Other CS from K9 parvo 2

A

Myocarditis (In utero or in the first week —> heart failure and sudden death)
Leukopenia or neutropenia

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of K9 parvo 2 (oropharyngeal route)

A

Acute heart failure → pulmonary edema/ hepatic congestion → oropharyngeal route → blood →death of enterocytes in the crypts mucosal collapse → mal-absorption and diarrhea

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of K9 parvo 2 (rapidly dividing cells route)

A

Hematopoietic system → leukopenia → bacteria infection
Heart cells in pups → acute heart failure

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of K9 parvo 2 (hemagglutination route)

A

Coagulation in BV→ edema, hemorrhage in several organs (intestine)

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10
Q

Dx of K9 parvo 2

A

Sudden onset of foul smelling and bloody diarrhea in young dogs
Virus shed in feces for 3-7 days after onset
PCR from fecal extracts
SNAP test- 100% specificity and sensitivity (frist 10 dys)

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11
Q

Ag test for K9 parvo 2

A

+, infected: reliable with CS
+, not infected: recent vx
-, infected: mild signs, low sample

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12
Q

PCR test for K9 parvo 2

A

Useful when Ag test is negative but parvo enteritis is suspected

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13
Q

K9 parvo 2 prevention

A

Isolation of sick dogs
Vx: live-attenuated vx (starts @ 6-8 w)

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14
Q

Vx failure in K9 parvo 2

A

Due to maternal Abs
Pups susceptible to infection for 1 week after maternal Abs

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15
Q

Hygiene and disinfectants for K9 parvo 2

A

House bleach, organic phenolic or iodine or glutaraldehyde disinfectants
Calccium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide disinfectants

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16
Q

Adenoviridae

A

Contagious disease of dogs —> respiratory, ocular and systemic diseases
Foxes, skunks, wolves, bears
DNA virus

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17
Q

K9 adenovirus 2

A

Causes localized respiratory disease

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18
Q

What disease does K9 adenovirus 1 causes?

A

Infectious K9 hepatitis
systemic adenovirus disease

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19
Q

K9 adenovirus 1/Infectious K9 Hepatitis transmission

A

Enters the nasopharynx, oral and conjunctival routes
Ingestion of urine, feces or saliva of infected dogs

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20
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 (respiratory route)

A

Mild resp. disease → nasal discharge, tonsilitis
Oral → oral discharge → mal-absorption, V/D
Conjunctiva → ocular discharge → conjunctivitis, opacity

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21
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1(virus systemic dissemination route)

A

Several organs (liver, GB)
Jaundice, pale mm

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22
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 (failure of clotting route)

A

Thrombocytopenia → edema, hemorrhage in several organs (intestine) → necrosis and sudden death

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23
Q

What does Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 affect?

A

< 1year old dogs
Immunologically naive animals: resp. → systemic in younger dogs

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24
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 systemic disease

A

Peracute: sudden death (3-4 hrs)
Acute: incubation pd. 4-9 days (recover or die)
Chronic: hepatic failure
Mild: vx

25
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 CS

A

Jaundice, leukopenia, Bilateral corneal opacity (7-10 days after recovery- 25%)

26
Q

Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1 lesions

A

Vascular endothelial cells primary target —> paint brush hemorrhages
Hepatic cell necrosis, thick edematous GB
Grey, white foci (kidney cortex)
Bleu eyes due to Arthus rx in anterior chamber (uveitis, type 3 hypersensitivity)

27
Q

Dx of Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1

A

Isolation in urine (shed for months, madu-darby K9 kidney cells)
Serology: ELISA, HAI, VN (chronic form)
PCR, post mortem: IHC, IBs and IF

28
Q

Vx for Infectious K9 hepatitis/ CAd1

A

CAV-1 causes uveitis and nephritis
Inactivated/ live modified CAV2 doesn’t cause uveitis and not shed in urine

29
Q

What disease does paramyxoviridae cause?

A

Distemper virus
genus: morbillivirus

30
Q

Paramyxoviridae (Distemper disease)

A

RNA virus
Syncytium formation (fusion forming giant cell)
Intranucelar and intracytoplasmic IBs (acidophilic)

31
Q

What animals does paramyxoviridae (distemper) effect?

A

Acute febrile disease of dogs 3-6 m
Infects all Canidae, felidae, procyonidae (racoon, panda) and Mustelidae (weasel, ferret, mink)

32
Q

Subclinical paramyxoviridae virus

A

Doesn’t require vet care (50%)

33
Q

Mild disease from paramyxoviridae virus

A

Fever, upper resp. tract infection, ocular discharge purulent, coughing and breathing problem (50%)

34
Q

Severe disease from paramyxoviridae virus

A

Biphasic fever with viremia and leukopenia
Upper resp. tract infection and resp. signs

35
Q

Progressive profound disease of paramyxoviridae virus

A

CNS signs (30%) 1-3w after onset of acute disease
Seizures, cerebellar and vestibular signs, para paresis or tetra paresis

36
Q

Significant sign of an animals with paramyxoviridae virus

A

Hyperkeratosis of foot pads and the nose in dogs with neurological disease: epithelial damage

37
Q

Transmission of paramyxoviridae virus

A

Trans: droplets and aerosol
In all secretions and excretions from day 5 after infection

38
Q

What cells does paramyxovirdae affect?

A

Thymocytes, activated lymphocytes and macrophages and dendritic cells

39
Q

Pathogenesis of paramyxoviridae virus

A
  1. Resp route → nasal discharge
  2. Binds to SLAM receptors on thymos, lymphos, etc → thymus, LNs, GALT → V/D and leukopenia → bacterial infection
  3. Astrocytes (glial cells in CNS) → demyelination, necrosis, gilosis, encephaloyelitis → tetra- and paraparesis
  4. Damage to epithelial cells nose and feet →keratosis
40
Q

Paramyxoviridae Dx

A

Novel test (IDEXX): real time PCR (differentiate infected from vx)
Virus isolation **
Serology: ELISA for Ab

41
Q

Paramyxoviridae vx

A

Distemper modified live attenuated (MLV) in pups 4w, 2-4 intervals until 16 w

42
Q

Alternative paramyxoviridae vx for maternal Ab interference

A

Canarypox-vectored recombinant vx that expresses H and F glycoproteins of CDV

43
Q

CD v. parvo

A

More serve bloody foul smelling diarrhea and intestinal lesions (parvo)
Progressive CNS and IBs in lymphos and neuros (CD)
Vomiting, leukopenia in both

44
Q

Herpesviridae

A

Rare but fatal (100%) in pups under 4w (DNA)
Only Canidae susceptible
Kennels Cough syndrome

45
Q

What does herpesviridae cause?

A

Generalized hemorrhagic discharge → upper resp. tract infection, vesicular vaginitis, posthitis in adult dogs

46
Q

CS of herpesviridae

A

Painful crying, abdominal pain and dyspnea
Rapid death in litter
Vaginal or preputial discharge, abortion, neonatal death in adult dogs

47
Q

Pathogenesis of herpesviridae

A

Pups born to seronegative bitches infected from dam’s vag or other infected dogs
Temp for viral replication <37C → upper resp. tract
Replicates in vasc endothelium lining small vessels

48
Q

Stressed pups with herpesviridae

A

Hypothermic pups, cell associated viremia present and causes fatal disease

49
Q

Lesions caused by herpesviridae

A

Hemorrhage and focal necrosis of affected pups
CNS in older dogs maybe
IBs in areas of necrosis of liver, lung and kidney

50
Q

Dx tests for herpesviridae

A

PCR on postportem tissue
IBs

51
Q

Controlling herpesviridae

A

Maintain temp, adequate fluids and therapy
Separate pregnant and recently delivered dogs
Isolate naive bitches during pregnancy
Wash hand thoroughly

52
Q

T/F: There is no herpesviridae vaccine in the US

A

TRUE

53
Q

K9 infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC)/ Kennel Cough viruses

A

One or combo of K9 parainfluenza 5, adenovirus 2 and distemper
Passengers: K9 reovirus, herpesvirus and adenovirus 1

54
Q

Kennel Cough

A

Highly contagious, causes inflamm of the upper resp. tract
Mild, self-limiting but may become fatal from bronchopneumonia or chronic bronchitis

55
Q

CS of Kennel Cough

A

Sudden outburst of harsh dry cough followed by retching and gagging for 20 days

56
Q

Severe disease of Kennel Cough

A

Fever, purulent nasal discharge (infection by bordetella bronchiseptica, pseudomonas spp. E. coli, klebesiella pneumonia)

57
Q

Dx of Kennel cough

A

K9 resp. pathogen PCR panel

58
Q

Kennel Cough vx

A

CP/CAV-2/CDV modified live combo or B. bronchispetica/ CP intranasal combo
Reduces severity of infection rate (not cure)

59
Q

Core vaccines

A

K9 parvovirus (CPV), distemper (CDV), adenovirus 2 (CAV) and rabies

.infection & immunity (12 decks)

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