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.infection & immunity > Bovine Viral Diseases Part 1 > Flashcards

Bovine Viral Diseases Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What bovine diseases does coronaviridae cause?

A

Calf diarrhea
Winter dysentery
Respiratory disease

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2
Q

Winter dysentery

A

Acute disease of adult cattle (winter)
Explosive bloody diarrhea with ↓ milk production, depression, anorexia and resp. signs

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3
Q

Winter dysentery transmission

A

Feco-oral resp

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4
Q

Lesions with winter dysentery

A

Profuse loss of water and bleeding from necrosis of the crypt cells in LI

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5
Q

Respiratory disease

A

Mild resp. disease in 2-6 m old calves (rhinitis)
Shed from nose and in feces

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of coronavirdae in cattle

A

Multiply in mature entrocytes, crypt cells and resp. tract (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli)

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7
Q

Coronavirus shedding persists up to __________ after infection

A

10 days

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8
Q

Consequences of bovine coronavirus

A

Malabsorption, rapid loss of water and electrolytes
Hypoglycemia, acidosis and hypovolemia → circulatory failure and death

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9
Q

Secondary infection to bovine coronavirus

A

Secondary bacterial infection → shipping fever pneumonia caused by Mannheimia haemolytica biotype A (10-14 dys after shipping)

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10
Q

Differentials of bovine coronavirus

A

Acute diarrhea: salmonellosis, coccidiosis, BVD (but not dyssentery in those diseases and limited to LI)

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11
Q

Dx of bovine coronavirus

A

Cell culture isolation (HRT-18 cells)
ELISA (feces and nasal swabs)
RT-PCR
IHC for post-mortem

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12
Q

Immunity against calf diarrhea

A

Dams vx during calves suckling period (passive immunity via colostrum)
Intranasal live modified

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13
Q

T/F: Resp. disease and winter dysentery currently have no vx

A

TRUE
attenuated bovine enteric coronavirus vx may reduce risk of infection in WD

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14
Q

Flaviviridae causes ________________-

A

Bovine viral diarrhea
genus: pestivirus

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15
Q

BVD virus genotypes

A

2 genotypes (types I and II) → 2 clinically diff diseases: BVD and mucosal disease

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16
Q

BVD

A

Acute resp. disease of cattle usually 6- 24 mon of age
Immune suppression: hallmark

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17
Q

Mucosal disease

A

Fatal, sporadic but sudden
Occurs in persistently infected cattle

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18
Q

BVD transmission

A

Vertical transmission to the fetus → abortion, teratogenesis, persistent infection

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19
Q

BVD pathogenesis (postnatal infections)

A

Resp. route → replication nasal mucosa and tonsils → thrombocytopenia OR ulcerative lesions in intestine

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20
Q

Postnatal infection in non-preggo young cattle with BVD

A

Mild: biphasic fever and leukopenia within 5-7 days with diarrhea, nasal or ocular discharge, ulceration in mouth/ lips
Severe: thrombocytopenia → hemorrhage and death

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21
Q

BVD infection in preggo cows

A

0-50: abortion
50-12: persistently infected calves, tolerant and clinically normal
100-180: severe, malformations, eye, jaw, CNS

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22
Q

When does mucosal disease occur

A

When 2 biotypes of the virus (cytopathic and non-) are present (super infected with CP strain)
Profuse watery diarrhea and discharge, intestinal necrosis, serve erosive or ulcerative stomatitis then death

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23
Q

Congenital malformations for in utero fetal infections with MD

A

In utero fetal infections between 4-6 m in development the eye and CNS → mummification, premies, stillbirth and birth of weak calves, cerebellar hypoplasia, caviation

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24
Q

Acute mucosal disease

A

Striking necrosis of the GI and lymphoid organs, erosions and ulcers in the epithelium or oral and nasal cavities, esophagus

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25
Q

Chronic mucosal disease

A

GI lesions not present
Skin ulcers, hyperkeratosis in neck, shoulders and extremities

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26
Q

What does herpesviridae (Bovine herpes 1) cause in bovine?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis

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27
Q

Initial CS of Bovine Herpes 1

A

Ulcerated mucosa covered by cream-colored diphtheritic membrane (formed by coagulative necrosis)
Fever, nasal discharge (purulent), hyperemic nasal mucosa with hemorr.

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28
Q

CS of Bovine rhinotracheitis

A

Unilateral/bilateral conjunctivitis, profuse lacrimation, gastroeneteritis, mastitis
Abortion @ 4-7 mon gestation

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29
Q

CS of Infectious vulvovaginitis

A

Most common in dairy cattle
Fever, anorexia, stand apart with tail held away from vulva, urination frequent and painful
Vulva labia swollen with discharge, reddened

30
Q

IBR is a major significance in _____

A

feedlots
mechanically transmitted between bulls in AI

31
Q

BH1

A

Life-long latent infection with periodic virus shedding
Trigeminal and sciatic ganglia sites for disease

32
Q

Dx of BH1

A

EM of scrapings, vascular fluid
PCR and IF
Cell culture and serology
Aborted fetus: IHC, PCR and virus isolation

33
Q

BH1 vx and control

A

IM inactivated live attenuated vx and recombinant vx delete a marker gene to reduce incidence and severity
Intranasal live modified for pregnant cows

34
Q

When should BH1 vx be done?

A

Before coitus to prevent abortion and prior to stressful situations (weaning or transport)

35
Q

What clinical diseases does BH2 cause?

A

Bovine mammilitis (lesions to teats spread to udder)
Pseudo-lumpy skin disease (generalized skin dis)

36
Q

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease

A

Incubation of 5-9 days
Fever, sudden appearance of skin nodules on face, neck, back and perineum
Nodules lead to necrosis and healing with scars

37
Q

Bovine mammilitis

A

Lesions on teats that occasionally spread to udder
Fever and milk yeild reduced by 10% due to difficulty milking

38
Q

Pathogenesis of BH2

A

BM: restricted, local
PLS: generalized, viremic spread

39
Q

DX of BH2

A

Em of scrapings or vesicular fluid
Virus isolation from nodules

40
Q

DD of BH2

A

Lumpy skin disease
Pseudocoxpox (parapox)
Cowpox virus
Vesicular stomatitis
FMD
Papillomas

41
Q

Bovine core viral vx

A

BH2, BVD, Parainfluenza type 3, bovine syncytial virus and infection bovine rhinotracheitis

42
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever caused by _______

A

Herpesviridae

43
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

A

Invariably fatal (2-7 dys after signs)
Generalized lymphoproliferative disease of cattle and wild ruminants

44
Q

What does MCF affect?

A

Lymphoid tissue and mucosal lining of the resp. and GI tracts

45
Q

How do cattle obtain MCF

A

Alceaphine herpesviris 1 (wildebeest) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (sheep)

46
Q

CS of Alceaphine herpesviris 1and ovine herpesvirus 2

A

After 3-4 week incubation = leukopenia, profuse nasal and ocular discharges and bilateral opacity (blindness)

47
Q

CS of MCF

A

Generalized lymphadenopathy, extensive mucosal erosions and CNS signs (necrosis and inflamed arteries in the brain)

48
Q

What do erosions from MCF lead to?

A

Melena (upper GI bleeding) and ulcerations of the oral cavity

49
Q

Dx of MCF

A

Leukopenia (infecting lymphocytes)
Isolated in cell culture after inoculation of washed PBLs
Biopsy of tissues and blood for PCR and culture
Bilateral corneal opacity

50
Q

DD for MCF

A

BVD (MCF in more mature)
Blue tongue (rare in cattle, common in sheep)
Bovine leukemia (multicentric lymphosarcomas)

51
Q

What does paramyxoviridae cause?

A

Bovine resp. syncytial
genus: pneumovirus

52
Q

Bovine resp. syncytial

A

Most common is recently weaned claves and young cattle
Occurs in winter
Trans through aerosols or resp. tract excretions

53
Q

T/F: Pre-existing maternal or after infection Abs don’t prevent virus replication and excretion due to carrier animals

A

TRUE

54
Q

Cs of Bovine resp. syncytial

A

Sudden onset of high fever, hyperpnea, abdominal breathing , lethargy, rhinitis, nasal discharge and cough

55
Q

Secondary bacterial infection of Bovine resp. syncytial

A

Mannheimia haemolytics that causes pneumonia (lower resp, tract)

56
Q

Pathogenesis of Bovine resp. syncytial

A

Calves infected experimentally → destruction of ciliated epithelium in lungs → pneumonia
Syncytia in alveolar and bronchial walls

57
Q

Dx Bovine resp. syncytial

A

Isolation from tracheal wash (IF staining with Ab)
RT-PCR developed for BRS

58
Q

Picornaviridae causes ________

A

Foot and Mouth disease

59
Q

Genus Apthovirus contains what species

A

FMD virus, equine rhinitis and bovine rhinitis B virus

60
Q

FMD

A

Affects cloven-hoofed animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, llama, etc)
Severe in cattle and swine

61
Q

CS of FMD

A

2-8 dy incubation → fever, loss of appetite, depression and marked ↓ in milk production
Abortion

62
Q

Within 24 hrs of contracting FMD

A

Drooling and saliva and vesicles develop on tongue and gums, interdigital skin and coronary band on the feet and teat
Vesicles rupture → ulcers

63
Q

Ulcers with FMD

A

Heal fast on tongue
On feet and nasal cavity infected with bacteria → lameness and mucopurulent nasal discharge

64
Q

Calves infected with FMD

A

Up to 6 months can cause death through injury to the myocardium and myocarditis

65
Q

Trans of FMD

A

Inhalation of droplets (main)
Ingestion of food, inoculation with contaminated vx, infected semen

66
Q

Pathogenesis of FMD

A

Replication occurs in the pharynx
Viremic and spreads to other tissues (systemic)

67
Q

Dx of FMD

A

Report to the gov and they collect specimens

68
Q

Differentials of FMD

A

Vesicular lesions caused by vescicular sotmatits virus (rhabdoviridae), rinderpest (paramyoxoviridae) and BVD

69
Q

Tests of FMD

A

Multiplex RT-PCR with RT- PCR
ELISA and cell culutre
IDEXX FMD multispecies Ab test

70
Q

Immunity of FMD

A

Inactivated vx available
Slaughter

.infection & immunity (12 decks)

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