Diet and Lifestyle approaches for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Flashcards

1
Q

List some non-communicable diseases.

A

CVD
Cancer
Chronic respiratory disease
Diabetes

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2
Q

What us the number one group of factors for contributing to death and non-communicable diseases?

A

Dietary risks

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3
Q

Are men or women with diabetes more likely to develop CVD?

A

Women

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4
Q

What other condition is fuelling the rise of type 2 diabetes?

A

Obesity

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5
Q

List some of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes which cannot be controlled or prevented.

A

Family history
Age
Certain ethnicities

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6
Q

What is the current UK advice for healthy eating?

A

Eatwell plate

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7
Q

What is the current guideline regarding red meat intake?

A

<70g/person/day

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8
Q

What is the current guideline regarding fat intake?

A

No more than 35% of our total food energy should come from fat

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9
Q

What is the current guideline regarding trans-fatty acids intake?

A

Less than 2% of our total food energy should come from TFA’s

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10
Q

What is the current guideline regarding carbohydrate intake?

A

Carbs should account for 50% of our total energy intake

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11
Q

What is the current guideline regarding free sugars?

A

Free sugars should not make up more than 5% of total energy intake

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12
Q

What is the current guideline regarding salt?

A

No more than 6g/person/day

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13
Q

What is the current guideline regarding saturated fatty acids?

A

Should account for no more than 11% of total energy intake

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14
Q

What is the current guideline regarding fruit and veg?

A

5 a day

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15
Q

What is the current guideline regarding toil-rich fish?

A

140g/person/week

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16
Q

What is the current guideline regarding fibre?

A

30g/person/day

-> wow bet you loved all of thatttt :)))))

17
Q

How much exercise should we be getting?

A

150 mins of moderate aerobic activity per week
AND
Strength exercise two or more days a week

18
Q

What effect does exercise have on glucose uptake?

A

Exercise increases glucose transport into muscle

19
Q

For how long is insulin-stimulated glucose uptake elevated for after exercising?

A

16hrs

20
Q

What affect does exercise have on insulin in the body?

A

Exercise increases insulin sensitivity

21
Q

Discuss some of the nutrition intervention which can prevent diabetes.

A

Fat and calorie restriction
Increased fibre

22
Q

Foods with high fibre content decrease risks of what?

A

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

23
Q

In healthy humans, what is the typical level for fasting glucose?

A

4-5mmol/L

24
Q

In healthy humans, what is the typical level for postprandial glucose( after eating)?

A

7-8mmol/L

25
Q

After eating, glucose levels are increased. How long does it take for levels to return to the fasting glucose level?

A

1-2hrs

26
Q

What are the components of a Mediterranean diet?

A

High consumption of veg, fruit, nuts, legumes, cereals, fish, seafood
Low consumption of meat, dairy
High ratio of monounsaturated fats compared to unsaturated fats

27
Q

To achieve weight loss, what terms of calorie deficit is required?

A

500-1000 cal/day

28
Q

Weight loss of what % is beneficial?

A

5-10%

29
Q
A