Use of Energy by Cells/ Free Energy

Question 1

activation energy

Answer 1

• the amount of energy needed to convert all the molecules in one mole of a reacting substance from a ground state to the transition state intermediate

Question 2

catabolism catalyst

Answer 2

• the sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions by which relatively large molecules in living cells are broken down, or degraded

Question 3

enzyme

Answer 3

• a biomolecule that can be synthesized biologically or through other processes
• its main function is to act as a catalyst to speed up a reaction without itself being changed in the process

Question 4

change G

Answer 4

• a measure of how spontaneous a process like a chemical reaction is

Question 5

photosynthesis

Answer 5

• the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

Question 6

anabolism

Answer 6

• a biochemical process in metabolism where the simple molecules combine to generate complex molecules

Question 7

cellular respiration

Answer 7

• the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions

Question 8

equilibrium

Answer 8

• a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces

Question 9

hydrogenation

Answer 9

• the process by which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fats and oils

Question 10

reduction

Answer 10

• the act of making something smaller in size or amount, or less in degree

Question 11

biosynthetic pathways

Answer 11

• the process of making complex products from simpler components through chemical reactions at the cellular level
• necessary for cellular and metabolic processes deemed essential for survival

Question 12

dehydrogenation

Answer 12

• the process by which hydrogen is removed from an organic compound to form a new chemical

Question 13

free energy

Answer 13

• the available energy of a substance that can be used in a chemical transformation or reaction

Question 14

metabolism

Answer 14

• the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

Question 15

substrates

Answer 15

• a molecule that an enzyme reacts with

Question 16

entropy

Answer 16

• the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work

Question 17

oxidation

Answer 17

• a process that occurs when atoms or groups of atoms lose electrons