Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

da license > rhs > Flashcards

rhs Flashcards

1
Q

radiation

A

A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

x-radiation

A

a high-energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-ray tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

x-ray

A

A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on receptors (photographic film or digital sensors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Radiology

A

The science or study of radiation as used in medicine; a branch of medical science that deals with the therapeutic use of x-rays, radioactive substances, and other forms of radiant energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Radiograph

A

an image or picture produced on a receptor (radiation-sensitive film, phosphor plate, or digital sensor) by exposure to ionizing radiation; a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dental radiograph

A

A photographic image produced on film by the passage of x-rays through teeth and related structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Radiography

A

The art or science of making radiographs by the exposure of film to x-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dental radiography

A

The production of radiographs of the teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of an image receptor to x-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dental radiographer

A

Any person who positions, exposes, and processes dental x-ray image receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Image

A

a picture or likeness of an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Image receptor

A

A recording medium; examples include x-ray film, phosphor plate, or digital sensor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dental imaging

A

the creation of digital, print, or film representations of anatomic structures for the purpose of diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is one of the most important uses of dental images?

A

detection (of diseases and conditions that cannot be identified clinically)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who discovered the X-ray?

A

Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

X =

A

unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fluorescence

A

a glow that results when a fluorescent substance is struck by light, cathode rays, or x-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who built the first vacuum tube?

A

Heinrich Geissler in 1838

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hand mit Ringen ( hand with rings)

A

the first “medical” x-ray performed by Roentgen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cathode rays

A

streams of electrons that are produced when a high voltage is applied to electrodes in an evacuated tube: (Johann Hittorf)

originate in an x-ray tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who made the first dental radiograph?

A

Otto Walkhoff, 1895

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the first hot-cathode x-ray tube

A

a high vacuum tube that contained a tungsten filamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who developed the first hot cathode x-ray tube?

A

William Coolidge,1913

the prototype for all modern x-ray tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What served as the precursor for all modern dental x-ray machines?

A

a mini version of the x-ray tube that was placed inside the head of an x-ray machine and immersed in oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Do fast films require a short or long exposure time?

A

short, which reduces patient exposure to radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bisecting technique

A

x-ray technique that applies the geometric principle in which the central ray bisects the angle formed by the dental film and the long axis of the tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Paralleling technique

A

x-ray technique, also known as the right-angle technique, whereby the film and tooth and PID are parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bite-wing technique

A

Also known as the interproximal technique is used to examine the interproximal surfaces of teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What extraoral technique is most used often in dentistry?

A

panoramic radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Panoramic radiograph

A

shows all of the structures in both dental arches in a single film

Commonly known as a panorex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does digital imaging allow for?

A

instant and easy transmission of images and electronic storage

reduces patient exposure to radiation and chemical waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what do atoms consist of?

A

a central nucleus and orbiting electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the identity of an atom determined by?

A

the composition of its nucleus and the arrangement of its orbiting electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

electrons

A

Tiny, negatively charged particles that have very little mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the nucleus composed of?

A

protons and neutrons

occupies very little space in the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

protons carry

A

positive electrical charges

36
Q

neutrons carry

A

no electrical charge

37
Q

atomic weight is determined by?

A

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

38
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons inside the nucleus = the number of electrons outside the nucleus

39
Q

Which shell is located closest to the nucleus and has the highest energy level?

A

K shell

40
Q

elements

A

substances made up of only one type of atom

41
Q

the binding energies of orbital electrons are measured in?

A

electron volts (eV) or kilo electron volts (keV)

42
Q

molecules are formed by

A

the transfer of electrons OR by the sharing of electrons between the outermost shells of atoms

43
Q

ion

A

an atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced

44
Q

Ionization

A

the process of converting an atom into ions

45
Q

what does ionization deal with?

A

electrons; requires sufficient energy to overcome the electrostatic force that binds the electron to the nucleus

46
Q

what is the results in an ion pair?

A

when an electron is removed from an atom in the ionization process

47
Q

the atom becomes the – ion and the ejected electron becomes the — ion

A

positive, negative

48
Q

Radioactivity

A

the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state

49
Q

T/F: in dentistry radiation/x-radiation is used, not radioactivity

A

True

50
Q

Ionization radiation

A

radiaition that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom

51
Q

Particulate radiation

A

tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight lines and at high speeds

52
Q

Which type of energy do particulate radiations transmit?

A

kinetic energy

by means of their extremely fast-moving, small masses

53
Q

four types of particulate radiations

A

alpha particle, electron (beta & cathode rays), protons, and neutrons

54
Q

alpha particle

A

emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals and exist as two protons and neutrons, without electrons

55
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

the propagation of wavelike energy (without mass) through space and matter

the energy propogated is followed by oscillating electric & magnetic fie

56
Q

T/F: Electromagnetic raditions are machine made and occur unnaturally

A

false; man made and occur naturally

57
Q

what are examples of electromagnetic radiations?

A

gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, microwaves, radiowaves

58
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

electromagnetic radiations arranged according to their energies

59
Q

do all energies of the electromagnetic spectrum share common characteristics?

A

yes!

60
Q

T/F: only high energy radiations are capable of ionization

A

True

ie. gamma rays and x-rays

61
Q

Particle concept

A

characterized electromagnetic radiations as discrete bundles of energy called photons or quanta

62
Q

Photons

A

bundles of energy with no mass or weight that travel as waves at the speed of light and move through space in a straight line “carrying the energy” of electromagnetic radiation

63
Q

Wave concept

A

characterizes electromagnetic radiations as waves and focuses on the properties of velocity, wavelength, and frequency

64
Q

velocity

A

speed of the wave

travels as waves as the speed of light in a vaccum

65
Q

wavelength

A

the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next

determines the energy and penetrating power of the radiation

66
Q

the shorter the distance between the crests,

A

the shorter the wavelength and the higher the energy and ability to penetrate matter

67
Q

wavelength is measured in?

A

nanometers (nm; 1 x 10^-9) for short waves and meters (m) for longer waves

68
Q

frequency

A

the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time

69
Q

T/F: frequency and waves are inversely related

A

True

if the freq of the wave is high, the wavelength will be short & vice ver

70
Q

What does diagnostic radiography use?

A

high frequency, shorter waves

71
Q

properties of x-rays: appearance

A

x-rays are invisible

72
Q

properties of x-rays: mass

A

x-rays have no mass or weight

73
Q

properties of x-rays: charge

A

x-rays have no charge

74
Q

properties of x-rays: speed

A

x-rays travel at the speed of light

75
Q

properties of x-rays: wavelength

A

x-rays travel in waves and have short wavelengths with a high frequency

76
Q

properties of x-rays: path of travel

A

x-rays travel in straight lines and can be deflected, or scattered

77
Q

properties of x-rays: focusing capability

A

x-rays cannot be focused to a point and always diverge from a point

78
Q

properties of x-rays: penetrating power

A

x-rays can penetrate liquids, solids, and gases

the composition of the substance determines whether x-rays penetrate or

79
Q

properties of x-rays: absorption

A

x-rays are absorbed by matter; the absorption depends on the atomic structure of matter and the wavelength of the x-ray

80
Q

properties of x-rays: ionization capability

A

x-rays interact with materials they penetrate and cause ionization

81
Q

properties of x-rays: fluorescence capabality

A

x-rays can cause certain substances to fluorescence or emit radiation in longer wavelengths (ie. visible light and ultra violet light)

82
Q

properties of x-rays: effect on receptor

A

x-rays can produce an image on a receptor

83
Q

properties of x-rays: effect on living tissues

A

x-rays can cause biologic changes in living cells

84
Q

component parts of a dental x-ray machine

A

control panel, extension arm, and tubehead

85
Q

control panel contains

A

an on-off switch, indicator light(2), exposure button, and control devices to regulate the x-ray beam

86
Q

extension arm contains

A

suspends the x-ray tubehead and houses the electrical wires that extend from the control panel to the tubehead

allows for movement and positioning of the tubehead

87
Q
A

da license (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions