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Anthrooology > important part 2 > Flashcards

important part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

argonauts of western pacific year

A

1922

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2
Q

malinowski kula idiom

A

tobriand islanders existence-regulat culture&economy

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3
Q

types of kula

A

inter isaland kula
island kla

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4
Q

inter island kula gender

A

males only

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5
Q

island kula gender

A

both

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6
Q

kula islanders call themselves

A

boyowans

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7
Q

kula outside islanders

A

dohu

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8
Q

kula objects

A

soulavo
mwali

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9
Q

necklace of

A

red shells

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10
Q

bracelets of

A

white

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11
Q

soulavo involves

A

exchange of neclace of red shells

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12
Q

mwali involves

A

white bracelts

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13
Q

kula principle

A

once in kula always in kula

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14
Q

kula partners types

A

receive mwali-give soulavo
receive soulavo-give mwali

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15
Q

gmwali

A

commercial exchange
non kula members

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16
Q

kula object life cycle

A

10 years

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17
Q

potlatch of

A

kwakiatul

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18
Q

kwakiatul of

A

north america

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19
Q

potlatch is an example

A

ceremonial exchange of kwakiatul

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20
Q

potlatch=

A

public demo distribution
callous destruction wealth

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21
Q

principles of potlatch

A

competitive spirit
prestige competitiveness

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22
Q

potlatch materials

A

food
canoes
blankets

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23
Q

haidas potlatch types
fhfv

A

funeral potlatch
house building
face saving
vengence

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24
Q

modern economic principles

A

profit maximization
demand-supply principle
rationality principle

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25
Q

potlatch against

A

modern economic principles

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26
Q

two schools of economic anthropology

A

formalist
substantivist
neo marxism

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27
Q

property is burned to achieve higher social status

A

potlach of kwakiatul

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28
Q

formalist principle

A

principles of modern economy

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29
Q

substantivist principle

A

principles of social economy

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30
Q

formalist substantivist debate founder

A

karl polanyi

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31
Q

formalist substantivist terminology

A

webers-formal&substantivist ratinality

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32
Q

formalist scholars

A

herkovitz
sahisbury
schneider

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33
Q

principle or rationality or

A

profit loss principle

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34
Q

substantivist scholars

A

polanyi,bohanon,dalton

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35
Q

opposition to principle of maximization

A

potlatch of kwakiatul
kogi indians

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36
Q

opposition to principle of rationality

A

money is to west kinship is to rest

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37
Q

money is to west kinship is to rest

A

sahalin

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38
Q

opposition to demand and supply principle

A

coastal fisherman&inland cultivators of africa

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39
Q

polanyi book

A

the great transformation

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40
Q

neo marxist scholars

A

goddlier
terry
friedman

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41
Q

marx concept

A

concept of producrion

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42
Q

godlier concept

A

concept of social &economic formation

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43
Q

neo marxism

A

marx+godlier concept

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44
Q

hunting gathering communities in india
cki jao

A

chenchu
kadar
irula
jarawa
andamanis
onge

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45
Q

hunting gathering communities in world
ne
ap
kb
aa

A

north america eskimos
african pygmies
kalahari bushmen
australian aborginals

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46
Q

who differentiated the settlement of hunters and gatherers

A

lr binford

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47
Q

lr binford hunters gathers settlement differentiation

A

foragers
collectors

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48
Q

principles governing production

A

mode of unting

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49
Q

principles governing distribution

A

ownership of resources
distribution of resources
principles governing consumption

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50
Q

fishing hunters of chile
acy

A

alaculuf
chono
yagen

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51
Q

eskimos fishing tools
ckids

A

canoes
kayak
igloos
dogleds
spear throwers

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52
Q

shifting cultivation\

A

swidden agriculture
slash &burn

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53
Q

naga shifting

A

jhum

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54
Q

bhutia shifting

A

dahi
koman

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55
Q

maria of

A

bastar

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56
Q

maria shifting

A

penda

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57
Q

khond shifting

A

podu

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58
Q

baiga shifting

A

bewar

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59
Q

different names of shifting
jdkppb

A

jhum
dahi
kaman
penda
podu
bewar

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60
Q

taskforce on shifting cultivation year

A

1893

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61
Q

case study on shifting cultivation

A

gonds of andhraprades
odisha

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62
Q

cattle rearing tribesworld
ndm

A

nuer
dinka
masai

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63
Q

camer horse sheep goat rearing

A

kazag-kirgiz central asia

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64
Q

kazak of

A

central asia

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65
Q

kirgiz of

A

central asia

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66
Q

chukchee of

A

russian siberia

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67
Q

reindeer herding tribe

A

chukchee

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68
Q

buffalo herding

A

toda

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69
Q

example of horticultural tribes
ata btt ihz amr

A

arapesh
tobriand islanders
azande
bemba
tiv tallensi
ifanguo
hopi -zuni red indians
abor
muria gond
rename naga

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70
Q

disu of

A

indonesia

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71
Q

kachim of

A

burma

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72
Q

aztecs of

A

america

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73
Q

example of agric tribes world
dka

A

indonesian disu
burma kachim
america aztecs

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74
Q

indian agri tribes
hlbob

A

ho
lepcha
baiga
oraon
bhil

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75
Q

authority-political system types

A

unicentric ps
multicentric
centralised

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76
Q

state-political system types

A

state ps
stateless political system

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77
Q

eg unicentric political sy

A

band

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78
Q

eg multicentric ps

A

lineages of tribes

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79
Q

eg centralized ps

A

modern state

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80
Q

eg statless political sys

A

band tribal political system

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81
Q

types of tribal political system

A

lineage system
age system
village council

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82
Q

evolution of political system

A

band
tribal(lineage,age ,village council)
state (primitive,archaic,modern state)

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83
Q

types of state political system

A

primitive
archaic
modern

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84
Q

primitive political system/

A

chiefdom

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85
Q

band features

A

very mobile group
6-8 extended families
30-60 persons
nomadic hunting gathering

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86
Q

bushman of

A

africa

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87
Q

siangmong of

A

malaya

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88
Q

band world example
bpes

A

african bushman
pygmies
siberian eskimos
malaya siamong

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89
Q

band india eg
bcaki

A

birhor
chenchu
andaman islanders
kerela-kadar irulas

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90
Q

kinship based tribal ps

A

segmentary

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91
Q

non kinship based tribal ps

A

age set ps
village council

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92
Q

segments=

A

tribes divided into lineages

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93
Q

maximal and minimal lineage

A

nuer & tiv of nigeria

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94
Q

headless political system or

A

acephalous political system

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95
Q

eg headless poli sys

A

tiv
nuer
masai

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96
Q

feud=

A

dispute about cow/goat theft-adultry-limb loss

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97
Q

neur chief

A

leopard skin chief

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98
Q

eg age set pol sys

A

nigeria yako
masai

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99
Q

village council working

A

marginal cultivation
pastoralist
gardeer population

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100
Q

village council eg

pyi

A

publo indians of north america
yako
ibo

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100
Q

emergence of state by

A

evans prichard

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100
Q

pueblo indians of

A

north america

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101
Q

3 primitive states

A

collective chiefdom
paramount
kingdom

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102
Q

swaji of

A

south africa

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103
Q

kingdom eg

A

swaji sa
zulu sa
bantu afr

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103
Q

defined territories without boundaries

A

chiefdom

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103
Q

features of state org
csd st

A

centralised authority
size of society
defined territory
social order
types stats

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103
Q

concept of power involves
ica

A

influence
coercive control
authority

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103
Q

weber power definition

A

chance of men-realise will in communal action -against partcipating in action

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104
Q

authority=

A

power with leitimacy

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104
Q

influence=

A

form of power
influence model&ideas

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104
Q

coercive control-

A

performed thr command
enforced thr action

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104
Q

conformity with commands=

A

authority

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104
Q

webers 3 model of legitimization of authority

A

tradition
special attributes of authority person
law of norms

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105
Q

locus of authority

A

authority concentratted person

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105
Q

system of authority criteria

A

end to wch authority applied
means of authority

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106
Q

two types of locus of authority

A

minority locus
well distributed

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106
Q

part time specialist in

A

stateless societies

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107
Q

full time specialist in

A

state societies

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108
Q

basis of allocation of authority

A

dynastic
hereditaty
elecctive
combination

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108
Q

social sanction term by

A

radcliffe brown

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109
Q

features of simple societies
ppppp ss kn

A

primitive political org
preliterate&preindustrialised
primitive agri &tools
kinship
subsistence&non monetised
supernatural belief

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109
Q

radcliffe brown social sanction types

A

positive
negative

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109
Q

r.brown new term ofr law in simple societies

A

social sanctions

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109
Q

positive social sanction

A

approval -awards,rewards,clapping ,cheating

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110
Q

negative social sanctions

A

disapproval -abuse ,mockery&punishment

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111
Q

features of law a&justice in simple societies\
nc cc sp kc

A

non codified&customary
civil&criminal
simple laws
part times specialist
based on kinship bonds
clan elders

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111
Q

social control mechanism/

A

justice delivery mechanism

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112
Q

mechanism of justivce delivery

A

identification& establishment of wrong
enforcement of law&punishment

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112
Q

identiidentification&establishment of wrong
osk oo

A

ordeals
saveli
kriya
oracle
oath

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113
Q

enforcement of law and punishment
pmt frf

A

public opinion mockers
magic,witchcraft &socery
threat of withdrawal of reciprocity
fear of supernatural power
revenge
fine

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114
Q

ordeals eg

A

malers

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115
Q

saveli=

A

lick red hot sacred axe 3 times

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115
Q

saveli eg

A

malers

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116
Q

kriya=

A

take salt smeared with cocks blood

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116
Q

oath=

A

toching sacred sword and uttering

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116
Q

oracle

A

questionto suspect after oath

116
Q

oath sentence

A

if i tell lie i will die

117
Q

magic,witchcraft&socery eg

A

tikopia studied by raymond firth

117
Q

fear of supernatural power eg

A

age based societies in yako&masai

117
Q

revenge eg

A

fear of killing in nigerian tiv

117
Q

concept behind punishment

A

compensateaffected party
purify soul of wrong doer
bring enemies together

117
Q

anthropological approach in study of religion

A

evoltuionary
psycological
functional
malinowski
brown

117
Q

rename nagas dispute resolution

A

crying loudly

118
Q

psycological or

A

symbolic approach

118
Q

brown of survival

A

survival os society is more important than survival of indi

118
Q

principle of sociology by

A

herbert spencer

118
Q

monotheism eg

A

hudaism christianity islam

119
Q

monotheism types

A

basic monotheism
exclusive
pluriform
religious dualism

119
Q

pantheon=

A

collection og gods

120
Q

polytheism types
hku

A

henotheism
kathenotheism
unlimited polytheism

120
Q

exclusive monotheism=

A

pnly one god others demons

121
Q

basic monotheism=

A

only one god reject others

121
Q

pluriform monotheism=

A

only one main god others manifestation

121
Q

religious dualism=

A

concept of god &antigod

121
Q

polytheism=

A

belief in many demonic forces with ogd

121
Q

henotheism=

A

one main god other gods granted

122
Q

kathenotheism=

A

worship one supreme god wiithout denying the existence of other

122
Q

unlimited polytheism=

A

different god of different names &forms

122
Q

exclusive monotheism eg

A

christianity,islam,judaism

122
Q

types of exclusive monotheism

A

ethical monotheism
intellectual monotheism

123
Q

pluriform monotheism eg

A

nuer kwoth

124
Q

religious dualism eg

A

zorastrianism

125
Q

zorastrian god

A

ormazd

126
Q

zorastrian evil

A

ahriman

127
Q

henotheism eg

A

vedic hymes

128
Q

unlimited polytheism eg

A

hinduism
classical religion of greece7rome

128
Q

concept of sacred and profane by

A

emile durkheim

128
Q

mircea eliade term

A

heinrophanies

128
Q

heinrophanies=

A

other worldly

128
Q

concept of dicotomy in every society

A

emile durkheim

128
Q

heinrophanies by

A

mircea eliade

129
Q

dicotomy according to eliade &durkheim

A

universally part of human existence

129
Q

orgin of sacred in

A

australian aborginals totemism

129
Q

dichotomy among nuers studied by

A

evans prichard

129
Q

who aboloshed the dualism

A

weh stanner

129
Q

function of myth
ejv dhi

A

explanation
justification or validation
description
healing & inspiration

129
Q

sacred profane criticism scholars

A

lloyd warner
jake goody
buddhist scholars

129
Q

myth etimology

A

mythos greek work

129
Q

saviour ofaruna clan

A

aruna clan totem

129
Q

llyod warner

A

sacred7profane dicotomy cannot used to show order

129
Q

mythos=

A

fiction,story

129
Q

third category called mudane by

A

weh stanner

129
Q

jack goody

A

dicotomy is european religious thought
not universally applicable criteria

129
Q

myth=

A

symbolic narratives of unknown orgin
partly traditional&partly religious

129
Q

human is ritual being=

A

striking parallel between ritual &verbal behaviour

129
Q

mythemes=

A

simple building blocks of myth

129
Q

ritual=

A

performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by tradition

130
Q

victor turner about myth

A

myths relate how one state of affair becomes another

130
Q

malinowski functional theory of myth

A

device for educating&learning cultural &religious maintainance

130
Q

structurral analysis of myth by

A

claude levi strauss

131
Q

religious ritual=

A

manipulation of religioussymbols

132
Q

2 types of religious symbols

A

verbal
non verbal-material

133
Q

types of religious ritual

A

rituals of passage
rituals of intensification
individual rituals like vision quest
celestial ritual bly clergy

133
Q

ORGIN OF RITUALS SCHOLAR

A

wr smith
frazer
durkheim

134
Q

wr smith myth orgin

A

orgin of myth is totemism

135
Q

frazer myth orgin

A

search led magic

136
Q

durkheim myth orgin

A

australian aborginal totemis-ritual ,myth,religion

137
Q

types of ritual

A

imitative
positive&negative4
sacrificial
life crisis

138
Q

imitative ritual=

A

patterened after myth

139
Q

positive ritual=

A

renewing ritual

140
Q

negative ritual

A

avoidance\taboo

141
Q

sacrificial ritual=

A

earliest\elemtary form of religion

142
Q

life crisis ritual

A

one domain of life=birth,puberty,marriage,conception,&death

143
Q

eg imitative ritual

A

new year ritual

144
Q

eg life crisis ritual

A

twice born hindu ritual

145
Q

twice born hindu ritual \

A

sacred thread ceremony

146
Q

myth and ritual theories

A

myth-ritualistic theory
one developed from the other

147
Q

myth ritualistic theory

A

myth does not stand by itself
tied to religion

148
Q

one developed form other thepry is

A

refuted

149
Q

different views of myth and ritual

A

ritual from myth-tylor
myth from ritual (primacy ritual theory)
myth and ritual -non co existence

150
Q

ritual from myth theory given by

A

eb tylor

151
Q

myth from ritual or

A

primacy of ritual theory

152
Q

primacy of ritual theory scholars

A

wr smith
james frazer

153
Q

myth and rituals are non co existence therory by

A

walter burkert
bronislow malinowski

154
Q

types of religion

A

animism
animatism
fetishism
naturalism
\totemism

155
Q

animism eg

A

korwa tribe

156
Q

korwa tribe two spirits

A

benevolent
malevolent

157
Q

dream death experience theory by

A

eb tylor

158
Q

animatism other names

A

manaism
bongaism

159
Q

animatism term by

A

rr marret

160
Q

animatism=

A

belief in generalised impersonal power

161
Q

mana concept in

A

melanesia

162
Q

two types of mana

A

high mana with high power
low mana with low power

163
Q

animatism in munda

A

bonga

164
Q

cycle in munda

A

bonga

165
Q

greater bonga

A

train

166
Q

greatest bonga

A

airplane

167
Q

concept of animatism by

A

rr marret

168
Q

animatism year

A

1900

169
Q

rr marret animatism book

A

theory of orgin ogf religious belief

170
Q

theory of orgin of religious belief year

A

1900

171
Q

rr marret opposed

A

tylors theory of animism

172
Q

fetishism term

A

feticos

173
Q

feticos meaning=

A

skillfully made object with supernatural powers

174
Q

fetishism refers

A

worship of fetish objects

175
Q

term fetishism used by

A

fanel brosses

176
Q

fetish objects

A

jewellery
wood piece
stone

177
Q

fetishism eg

A

voodos of togo

178
Q

voodos of

A

togo

179
Q

bondo of

A

india

180
Q

fetish objects of voodos

A

blood
bone
fur
claws

181
Q

fetishism in india

A

bondo

182
Q

bondo fetish object

A

sword

183
Q

religion orginated from fetishism

A

augustus comte
fanel brosses

184
Q

genesis of naturalism is in

A

child like wonders of primitive man

185
Q

totemism first explained by

A

emile durkheim

186
Q

word toem derived from

A

todam of north america
ototem of ojiowa

187
Q

totemism example

A

australian aborgines

188
Q

theories of orgin of totemism

A

mclennan theory of totemis
frazer

189
Q

mclennan totemism theory

A

combination of fetishism and exogamic descent

190
Q

frazer totemism theory

A

cooperative division of labour

191
Q

changes in tribal religion study by

A

gh ghurey
n.k.bose

192
Q

gh ghurey and nk bose tribal srudy=

A

change in tribal religion due to hinduism,islam,christiantiy

193
Q

frazer magic definition

A

technique to achieve specific goal by manipulating supernatural

194
Q

wj goodey book

A

religion among primitives

195
Q

magic religious continuum by

A

goodey

196
Q

dahomi tribe studied by

A

herskovitz

197
Q

similarities between magic and religion
cs fpc fat

A

concept
supernatural
functionaries &place
coexistence religion&magic
function
approach
technique

198
Q

MAGIC RELIGION DIFFERENCE BY

A

ROBERT LOWIE
RR MARRET
FRAZER

199
Q

MAGIC RELIGGION DIFFERENCES
np npr ns

A

notion of god
practitioners attitute towards god
nature of goal
relationship between practitioner &forllower
performer condition
nature of rituals
significance of scociety

200
Q

DIFFERENC EBETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE GIVEN BY

A

tylor
frazer
malinowski

201
Q

similarities between magic and science
mmss tf cc bdc

A

mechanistic procedures
mechanical fashion-belief& assumption
specialist,special eqp,ingredients
typical lan
both fail
ceratin causes certain effects
body of principles
desired ends
confidence of humans

202
Q

magico religious functionaries=

A

intermediate bw people&supernatural powers

203
Q

shaman\

A

medicinal man

204
Q

word shaman from

A

siberian tungas

205
Q

annual spiritual trip by

A

coastal shaman of s.america

206
Q

dasairi

A

shaman in bhuia of madhya pradesh

207
Q

sira

A

maria gond shaman

208
Q

bhopa

A

bhil shaman

209
Q

child inclined towards drumming

A

eskimos

210
Q

tendency toward dreaming in

A

angami nagas

211
Q

functions of religion and magic
iwp sip

A

inextricability religion&society
wilson study in 1980
psychological function
social order&integaration
primitive societies

212
Q

taboo etimology

A

oceanic word tabu\tapu

213
Q

tapu=

A

prohibition

214
Q

universal nature of taboo pointed by

A

james frazer

215
Q

types of taboo

A

food taboo
sex
ritual
protective

216
Q

taboo and ritual studies by

A

robert brown

217
Q

characteristic of taboo

rbs

A

ritual prohibited
belief system
social control

218
Q

desacralisation=

A

rites of purification
taboo depollution

219
Q

opposite of tabu

A

nao

220
Q

arnold van gennep country

A

french

221
Q

rites de passage coined in

A

1909

222
Q

rites de passage coined by

A

arnold van gennep

223
Q

3 phases of rites de passage

A

seperation
liminality
incorporation

224
Q

examples of riteds de passage

A

birth rites
puberty rites
marriage rites
death rites

225
Q

birth rites eg

A

couvade rituals

226
Q

puberty rites eeg

A

african bemba

227
Q

marrige rites eg

A

berothal capture rites

228
Q

death rites eg

A

african herero

229
Q

3 phases of funerary rites

A

seperation phase
transition
incorportation

230
Q

gennep book

A

rites de passage

231
Q

victor turner liminality book

A

betwixt & between:the limited period in rites de passage

232
Q

liminality etimology

A

limen -latin word

233
Q

limen meaning

A

threshold

234
Q

liminality=

A

disorientation in middle stage of rites of passage

235
Q

rites of seperation or

A

preliminal rites

236
Q

liminal rites or

A

transitional rites

237
Q

post liminal rites or

A

incorporation rites

238
Q

rediscovered the importance of liminality

A

victor turner

239
Q

victor turner rites ofpassage study society

A

zambia lunda-ndembu

240
Q

victor turner rites ofpassage study year

A

1951-54

241
Q

broader view of liminality by

A

victor turner

242
Q

communitas by

A

victor turner

243
Q

communitas=

A

deconstruction of normative order

244
Q

types of liminality

A

individual group social

245
Q

individual liminality eg

A

death
divorce
illness
baptism

246
Q

group liminality eg

ca
g

A

cohorts adulthood
graduation ceremonies

247
Q

social liminality eg

A

sudden invasion
natural disaster

248
Q

time of child education is liminal eg

A

mclaren

249
Q

limnoid genres term by

A

victor turner

250
Q

limnoid genres=

A

leisure time liminality

251
Q

limnoid genres eg

A

pilgrims
monks
nuns

252
Q

proponents of evolutionism

A

jj bachofen
eb tylor
lh morgan
james frazer

253
Q

evolution=gshu

A

graducal change process
simple to complex
homogeneity-heterogeneity
uncertainty to certainty

254
Q

social evolution given by

A

herbert spencer
august comte

255
Q

darwinism emerged in

A

1859

256
Q

social fossils term by

A

eb tylor

257
Q

social fossils

A

contemporary simple societies

258
Q

lh morgan called contemporary simple societies

A

survivals of past relics

259
Q

classical evolutionist method

A

comparative method

260
Q

unilineal evolution =

A

one direction from simple to complex

261
Q

classical evolutionist believed

A

unilineal evolution

262
Q

unilineal evolution due to

A

psychic unity of mankind parallel invention

263
Q

lh morgan 4 theories

A

kinship teminology
evolution of society
evolution of marrige]
evollution of political orga

264
Q

evolution of kinship terminology

A

malayan
north america’
descriptive

265
Q

descriptive kinship terminology or

A

north indian

266
Q

evolution of society

A

savagery to barbarism to civilization

267
Q

evolution of marriage

A

promiscuity
consanguine
punaluan
syndyasmian
polygamy
monogamy

268
Q

evolution of pol orglh morgan

A

societus to civitus

269
Q

eb tylor evolution of religion

A

animism
polytheism
monotheism

270
Q

theory of evolution of science by

A

frazer

271
Q

frazer evolution of science

A

magic
religion
science

272
Q

classical evolutionist 3 basic assumption given by

A

kaplan

273
Q

kaplan 3 basic assumptions

A

naturalistic fashion study
psychic unity of mankind
comparative method

274
Q

criticism of classical evolutionism
wfdfpcvp

A

westermarch
frans boas
diffusionist
functionalist
psychic unity
comparative method
victorian society
progressive evolution

275
Q

tylor contribution
crpss

A

clasical evolutionist
religion orgin study
plough orgin
study of happiness in society
statistical study of anthropology

276
Q

What is the contribution of E.B. Tylor to the theory of evolutionism in anthropology?

A

E.B. Tylor contributed to the theory of evolutionism in anthropology through his study on the origin of religion.

277
Q

What are some other contributions of E.B. Tylor?

A

study of the origin of plough
, happiness in society, and
statistical study of anthropology.
definition of culture is widely accepted.

278
Q

What is E.B. Tylor criticized for in his theory?

A

E.B. Tylor is criticized for the lack of scientific evidence in his theory.

279
Q

E.B. Tylor’s non-evolutionary contribution in anthropology includes his role in

A

professionalizing the discipline, being the first professional anthropologist, and being regarded as the ‘Father of British anthropology.’

Anthrooology (16 decks)

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