weak points

Question 1

conditions leading to groupthink

Answer 1

insulation
cohesiveness
leadership
high stress/low hope
no method

Question 2

symptoms of groupthink

Answer 2

mindguards and self censorship
unanimity and invulnerability
morality and rationalisation
evil/weak/stupid
pressure on dissenters

Question 3

consequences of groupthink

consequences of groupthink

Answer 3

no alternatives considered
risk of chosen not explored
poor info search and processing
no contingency plan

Question 4

how do you work out the cost of a value point in SMART?

Answer 4

£x/(norm weight * 100)

Question 5

10 evaluation points of SMART

Answer 5

+ves:
quick/transparent
makes decision easier
provides defensible rationale
challenges intuition
increases consistency
allows what if analysis
consider all options + better info search
-ves:
question framing problems
linearity assumptions
time consuming

Question 6

arrow’s impossibility theorem 4 ERCs

Answer 6

produces transitive ordering
A vs B only relies on A and B
unanimous ind preferences = grp preferences
no dictator

Question 7

prospect theory overview

Answer 7

probabilities (OLUH, certainty)
outcomes (G/L from ref., hate losses more than love gains, RAG/RSL)

Question 8

methods of overcoming group biases?

Answer 8

decision conferencing, mathematical aggregation, delphi method

Question 9

Things in unaided decision makers

Answer 9

bounded rationality
multiple objectives - F&F, LO, LSO, EBA, S, RBC
involving risk - homeostasis, prospect theory
incrementalism

Question 10

things in group decision making

Answer 10

risk shift
unstructured grp processes - groupthink!
overcoming biases - conferences, maths, delphi
arrow’s impossibility theorem