Planning Management Flashcards

1
Q

What does HONK stand for?

A

Hyperglycaemia (usually >35mmol/L)
HO (hyperosmolar: osmolality over 340mmol/L (calculated by (x2 Na + x2 K) + urea + glucose)
NK (nonketotic, i.e. no ketones in blood or urine).

HONK management is the same as DKA management (see Fig.
4.11), except half the rate of fluids is required

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2
Q

Treatment of hypoglycaemia

A

If the patient is able to eat then give a sugar-rich snack, e.g. orange juice and biscuits.

However, if unable to eat (i.e. drowsy/vomiting)
give IV glucose via a cannula, e.g. 100mL 20% glucose

If unable to eat and no cannula give IM glucagon 1mg

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3
Q

Oxygen management of COPD patients who are not critically unwell

A

Prior to availability of blood gases, use a 28% Venturi mask at 4 l/min and aim for an oxygen saturation of 88-92% for patients with risk factors for hypercapnia but no prior history of respiratory acidosis

adjust target range to 94-98% if the pCO2 is normal

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4
Q

Contraindication of arachis oil?

A

Nut allergy

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5
Q

Contraindication of ispaghula husk? (bulking agent)

A

Faecal impaction
Colonic atony

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6
Q

Contraindication of bisacodyl?

A

Acute abdomen

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7
Q

Contraindication of phosphate enema?

A

Acute abdomen

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8
Q

Contraindication for all laxatives

A

Bowel obstruction

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9
Q

When should systemic steroids be tapered?

A

received more than 40mg prednisolone daily for more than one week

received more than 3 weeks treatment

recently received repeated courses

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