2.13 Identification and Taxonomy Flashcards
Organisms in a sample can be identified using ___ guides, biological ___ or analysis of ___/___.
classification guides, biological keys, or analysis of DNA/protein
Organisms can be identified using both ___ and ___.
taxonomy and phylogenetics
What is taxonomy?
the identification, naming and classification of organisms based on shared characteristics
What is classic taxonomy based on?
morphology (animals’ shape/bodies)
What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms.
What is modern phylogenetics changing?
the classification of many organisms
(as they were historically classified according to phenotype alone)
Phylogenetics uses ___ ___ (such as morphology (appearance), DNA sequences and protein structure) to make ___ about an organism’s evolutionary ___.
These inferences are then used to make a…
heritable traits, inferences, history.
phylogenetic tree (aka phylogeny)
A phylogenetic tree (aka ___) is a diagrammatic hypothesis of…
phylogeny, the relationships between organisms
Genetic evidence (relatedness) can be obscured by…
divergent or convergent evolution
Divergent evolution can result in…
Convergent evolution can result in…
two genetically similar species that look dissimilar
two genetically dissimilar (unrelated) species that look similar
Name three examples of taxonomic groups.
nematodes, arthropods and chordates
What is a model organism?
one that has been extensively studied and/or is easy to study
Model organisms have been very important in the…
advancement of modern biology
What are model organisms used for?
information obtained from model organisms is applied to similar species which are harder to study.
Name some model organisms.
Bacteria (E. Coli)
Nematode (C. Elegans)
Rats (Rattus Rattus)
Mouse (Mus Musculus)
