2.5 d) Defence Against Parasitic Attack Flashcards
Immune response in mammals has both ___ and __-___ effects.
specific, non-specific
Non-specific defences of mammals include…
physical barriers,
chemical secretions,
inflammatory response,
phagocytes,
natural killer cells destroying virus-infected cells
Phagocytes and natural killer cells are examples of what.
non-specific defences in mammals
Epithelial tissue blocks…
the entry of parasites
Hydrolytic enzymes in ___, ___ and ___ destroy bacterial cell walls.
mucus, saliva, tears
What type of enzyme in mucus, saliva and tears destroys bacterial cell walls?
hydrolytic
The low __ environments of the secretions of the ___, ___ and ___ glands denature the ___ proteins of ___.
pH, stomache, vagina and sweat, cellular, pathogens
Describe the inflammatory response.
cells that are injured by cut/wound release signalling molecules, which increase blood flow to the site, bring more antimicrobial proteins and phagocytes.
The Inflammatory Response:
When skin is ___, (eg by a ___ or a ___), ___ molecules are released, which increases ___ ___, bringing more ____ proteins and ___.
damaged, (cut or wound), signalling, blood flow, antimicrobial, phagocytes
What are phagocytes?
White blood cells with a non-specific role in defence
Phagocytes are ___ blood cells with a __-___ role in defence.
White, non-specific
Phagocytes arrive at the site of ___, and ___ parasites by enfolding their ___ ___ around the parasite.
infection, engulf, plasma membrane
Once engulfed, the parasite is brought into the ___ in a ___.
phagocyte, vacuole
Phagocytes contain, ___ (which are filed with ___ enzymes).
The lysosome ___ with the ___, and the parasite is ___.
This process is called ___.
lysosomes, digestive.
fuses, vacuole, digested.
*(parasite or pathogen or infected cell)
phagocytosis.
Describe the 3 steps to phagocytosis.
1.
2.
3.
- phagocytes arrive at the site of infection
- phagocytes engulf parasite by enfolding them with their plasma membrane
- lysosome fuses with vacuole and parasite is digested.