exam qs lqc 11

Question 1

Explain how lowering blood cholesterol levels can reduce the risk of CVD.

Answer 1

less cholesterol in blood to build up on artery wall, less likely to develop atherosclerosis

Question 2

Risk calculators can be used to estimate the probability that a person will develop CVD. Many of these calculators start by asking for the age and gender of the person using them. Explain why information about age and gender is important in estimating the risk of developing CVD

Answer 2

being older increases risk as arteries become less elastic with increase in age, women are less likely to develop CVD than men

Question 3

Cigarette smoke contains substances that increase the risk of the formation of blood clots and of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Cigarette smoke contains nicotine. Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor that reduces the diameter of some blood vessels.
Using this information, explain why smoking increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Answer 3

vasoconstriction causes high blood pressure, increased damage to endothelium, increases risk of atheroma