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DPT 803: Neurobio 2 > Lecture 3- Ss system- ALS > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Ss system- ALS Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of free nerve endings

A

c fiber= none myelinated
A delta= poorly myelinated

slow conduction

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2
Q

where are free nerve endings

A

peripheral process in the epidermis

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3
Q

what is the clinical importance of free nerve endings

A

protection - paper cut

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4
Q

what are the function of free nerve endings

A

crude (non- discriminative touch)
itich
temp
pain
taste/smell

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5
Q

true/false
Free nerve endings have the same density and receptive field as other cutaneous receptors

A

True

however, they are not as diffused throughout the body as other receptors

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6
Q

true/false
Free nerve endings do not encode intensity as increase in frequency for AP.

A

False

duration, frequency, and amplitude are the same for all cutaneous receptors

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7
Q

what are the functions of free nerve endings when they function as thermoreceptors

A
  1. 17-45 deg C cold to hot
  2. below 17 or above 45= pain
  3. chemical sensations from CN V (flavor of food)
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8
Q

what is hyperalgesia

A

over-reaction of pain to the noxious stimuli

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9
Q

where is hyperalgesia

A

only in peripheral process

increased rest membrane potential- less stimuli to cause AP

activated silent receptors

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10
Q

where are silent nociceptors

A

jt capsule and visceral organs

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11
Q

what is the axonal reflex for cutaneous receptors

A

axon terminals have afferent and efferent functions

  1. one axon terminal reaches AP d/t pain and sends info to CNS
  2. while other axon terminals reach out to blood vessels and mast cells for damage control
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12
Q

what nerve fibers for free nerve endings react to m stretch or contraction after exertion

A

a delta

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13
Q

what nerve fibers for free nerve endings react to m ischemia or after injury

A

c fibers

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14
Q

what nerve fibers for free nerve endings react to jt pain

A

both a delta and c fibers respond to the inflammation

peripheral sensitization- silent nociceptors

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15
Q

what types of viscera pain does c fibers respond to

A

mechanical- overdistension or traction
ischemia
endogenous compounds- diffuse and always have referral patterns, kidney stones

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16
Q

what is a dermatome

A

segmental distribution of a sp n
- overlapping in both peripheral and central processes of sensory neurons
-radiculopathy

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17
Q

what fibers are tested with pin prick dermatome testing

A

a delta

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18
Q

what is the clinical importance of TENS

A

shallow
AB neurons
conduct faster for pain management

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19
Q

what is the clinical importance of NMES

A

deeper (different electricity)
Aa
large axon- easier conduction, increase stimuli for activation

20
Q

what is the oder neurons for ALS

A

1- DRG
2- innocuous input: lateral dorsal horn (laminae I-V) or noxious input (all laminae in I/IIo/V)
3- VPL or reticular formation

21
Q

what laminae and neurotransmitters do a delta fibers use in ALS

A

laminae I and V
glutamate- ionotropic

22
Q

what laminae and neurotransmitters do c fibers use in ALS

A

laminae I, II and V
substance P- metabotropic

23
Q

what laminae do a delta and c fibers share

A

laminae III and IV

24
Q

where is noxious and innocuous input within laminae somatotopy

A

innocuous is more lat
noxious is more med

25
Q

what fibers are more common for the functions of sharp pain, crude, and temp

A

a delta
contralateral projection

26
Q

what fibers are more common for the functions of diffuse pain

A

c fibers

27
Q

what tract is in the lateral fasciculus and also known as the lateral spinothalamic

A

neospinothalamic pathway

28
Q

what path in the ALS uses c fiber mainly in the somatic

A

paleospinothalamic
in anterior fasciculus also known as ant spinothalamic

29
Q

what path in the ALS uses c fiber mainly in the visceral

A

archispinothalamic
mutiple synapse in dorsal column

30
Q

where do the c fibers travel to in the spinoreticular tract

A

reticular formation- intralaminar and centromedian nucleus
then to insula, frontal lobe, limbic lobe

31
Q

what does the lissauers tract transiton to when ascending to the medulla

A

spinal trigeminal tract

32
Q

what does laminae II-IV transition to when ascending to the medulla

A

spinal trigeminal nuclei

33
Q

what is the first order neuron of spinal trigeminal pathway

A

CN V: trigeminal ganglion
CN VII: geniiculate ganglion
CN IX/X: sup ganglion

34
Q

how is the lissauers tract formed in the sp cord

A

central process to spinal trigeminal tract to lissauers tract in sp cord (cervical)

35
Q

what is the second order neuron of spinal trigeminal tract

A

spinal trigeminal nuclei

36
Q

where does the spinal trigeminal nuclei start and end

A

caudal pons to C2 level

37
Q

how can CN VII/IX/X be involved with the sp trigeminal distribution in sp trigeminal tract

A

those CN follow the nuclei and also why the outer ear can be affected due to projecting to adjunct nucleus inf and post

38
Q

what is the third order neurons in the sp trigeminal tract

A

contra VPM then progress to lateral postcentral gyrus to maintain somatotopy

39
Q

what fibers are used in the sp trigiminal tract

A

free nerve endings- a delta

40
Q

what is the ant trigeminothalamic tract

A

sp trigeminal tract

41
Q

what is PICA syndrome

A

wallenburg syndrome
alternating hemiplegia

42
Q

how do we have alternating hemiplegia in PICA syndrome

A

ALS: decussate along sp so since this happens in the medulla, you have contra body pain/temp/crude impaired

sp trigeminal: decussate in thalamus so this is ipsi facial pain/temp/crude impaired

43
Q

after a stroke, how does somatic sensation return

A

ALS can return to normal d/t c fibers diffuse pain pathway and growth of axon terminal

DCML: can not return to normal d/t a beta neurons not regenerating

44
Q

where does the a delta neurons perceive pain and the function

A

cortical
localize pain
conscious awareness/perception

45
Q

where does the c fiber neurons perceive pain and the function

A

subcortical- medulla RF, hypothalamus, limbic system
diffuse
unconscious awareness

46
Q

what medication can inhibit c fibers

A

valium
decrease unpleasant/care but pain still exit due to a delta

DPT 803: Neurobio 2 (9 decks)

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