15-01 Incident Response (Use of Force/De-Escalation) Flashcards
The Toronto Police Service (Service) places the highest value on the protection of life and the safety of its members and the public, with a greater —— for human life than the protection of property. Members of the Service have a responsibility to only use that force which is reasonably necessary to bring an incident under control effectively and safely.
——- is an aid to promote continuous ——-assessment and evaluation of every situation, and can assist members to understand and make use of a variety of force options to respond to potentially violent situations. It is not intended to serve as a ——–for a member’s use of force, nor does it prescribe specific response options appropriate to any given situation. However, the Model does provide a valuable framework for understanding and ——-the events associated with an incident involving a member’s use of force.
regard
The Ontario Use of Force Model (Model)
critical
justification
.articulating
The decision, whether force is to be used and the amount of force required, shall rest solely with the member who is ——involved in the event. Such decisions shall be made in a manner consistent with the member’s training, the philosophy and central themes of the Ontario Use of Force Model (Model) and the law.
personally
——– and ——— are core tools. De-escalation and communication methods must be considered continuously and used, where possible, even after use of force has occurred. Officers shall, in all situations involving the use of force, consider de-escalation tactics, including ——– predicated on the philosophy that protection of human life is a —– duty of the police.
De-escalation
communication
disengagement
core
De-escalation is defined as —— and non-verbal strategies intended to reduce the — of a conflict or crisis encountered by the police, with the intent of gaining compliance —— the application of force, or if force is necessary, reducing the amount of force so as not to exceed the amount of force reasonably required.
verbal
intensity
without
Supervision
Supervisory Officer ——– mandatory when firearm is discharged
Supervisory Officer notification mandatory when
firearm is discharged
conducted energy weapon has been used
Officer in Charge of Division of occurrence notification mandatory when firearm is discharged
——- notification mandatory when firearm is discharged
Supervisory Officer notification mandatory for any duty to report/duty to ——- incident
attendance
Firearm Discharge Investigator (FDI)
intervene
Procedure
The ————- empowers every person who is required or authorized to do anything in the ——— or enforcement of the law, when acting on reasonable grounds, to use as much force as necessary for that purpose. Every person is liable, both criminally and civilly, for any ——– or excessive force used.
Criminal Code (CC)
administration
unjustified
Training
Ontario Regulation 926/90 (O.Reg. 926/90) made under the Police Services Act (PSA) ——- a member of a police service from using force on another person, unless the member has successfully completed the prescribed training course on the use of force, and that at least once every twelve (12) months, members who may be required to use force on other persons receive a training course on the use of force. When a use of force option is employed, its application shall be in keeping with the training received. Techniques outside of the prescribed training are ————-, unless no other reasonable ———- exist.
prohibits
discouraged
alternatives
Approved Use of Force Options
Ontario Regulation 3/99 provides that, at minimum, police officers are
issued a h——–
issued —————- aerosol spray
issued a b——– and
trained in officer safety, ————- and physical control techniques
issued a handgun
issued oleoresin capsicum (OC) aerosol spray
issued a baton, and
trained in officer safety, communication and physical control techniques
Approved Use of Force Options
Members shall not use a weapon other than a firearm unless
that type of weapon has been approved for use by the ————
the weapon conforms to ——— standards established by the Solicitor General
the weapon is ——– in accordance with standards established by the Solicitor General
the weapon, in the course of a ——- exercise, is used on another member in compliance with —— Governance
Solicitor General
technical
used
training
Service
Intermediate Force Options
Members may use an ———– weapon such as their issued baton, OC spray or conducted energy weapon (CEW)
as a force option
to prevent themselves from being ———- when violently attacked
to prevent a ——– being taken from police custody
to ———– an apparently dangerous person armed with an offensive weapon
to ——— a potentially violent situation when other force options are not viable
for any other lawful and ———- purpose
intermediate
overpowered
prisoner
disarm
control
justifiable
Weapons of Opportunity
Despite the foregoing, ———- in O.Reg. 926/90 or this Procedure —— a member from the reasonable use of weapons of opportunity when none of the approved options are available or appropriate to defend themselves or members of the
public
nothing
prohibits
Authorized Restraining Devices
Handcuffs, leg irons, spit shields and other restraints authorized by the ——–(e.g. plastic flexi–cuffs) may be
used
to ——– the violent activities of a person in custody
when prisoners are being ——– from one place to another
to prevent a prisoner from ————
Chief of Police
control
transferred
escaping
Fleeing Suspect
A peace officer, and every person lawfully ——- the peace officer, is justified in using force that is intended or is likely to cause death or grievous ——- harm to a person to be arrested, if
a) the peace officer is proceeding ——— to arrest, with or without warrant, the person to be arrested;
b) the offence for which the person is to be arrested is one for which that person may be arrested without ————;
c) the person to be arrested takes ——— to avoid arrest;
d) the peace officer or other person using the force believes on ——— that the force is necessary for
the purpose of protecting the peace officer, the person lawfully assisting the peace officer or any other person from imminent or future death or grievous bodily harm; and
e) the flight cannot be prevented by reasonable means in a less ——- manner.
[Authority: CC, ss. 25(4)]
assisting
bodily
lawfully
warrant
flight
reasonable grounds
violent
Motor Vehicles
Discharging a firearm at a motor vehicle is an ——- method of disabling the vehicle. Discharging a firearm at a motor vehicle may present a hazard to both the officer and to the public. Police officers are ——— from discharging a firearm at a motor vehicle for the ——- purpose of disabling the vehicle.
Police officers shall not discharge a firearm at the operator or —— of a motor vehicle unless there exists an immediate threat of death or grievous bodily harm to officers and/or members of the public by a means other than the ——— .
ineffective
prohibited
sole
occupants
vehicle
Motor Vehicles
Police officers shall be cognizant that disabling the operator of the motor vehicle thereby disabling the control over the motor vehicle may also present a ——— to both the officer and the public.
Except while in a motor vehicle, officers shall not place themselves in the ——- of an occupied motor vehicle with the intention of preventing its ——-. Additionally, officers should not attempt to disable an occupied vehicle by —— into it.
Pursuant to Procedure 13–03 and 13–05, any apparent breach of this Procedure will be carefully considered on its ————
having regard to all the circumstances before ——– is commenced.
hazard
path
escape
reaching
merits
discipline
Excessive Force
Members who are authorized to use force, do not have an unlimited power to use that force on a person in the course of
their duties. The amount of force permitted is constrained by the principles of ———– , necessity and ——— . If an officer’s use of force is challenged there will be an evaluation of the officer’s subjective belief as to the nature of the danger, whether the subjective belief was ——-reasonable and whether the use of force was necessary and proportional to the danger.
An officer is prohibited from using force that is likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm, unless the officer believes that the force is necessary to protect themselves or another person from death, or grievous bodily harm. Any officer who is believed, upon reasonable grounds, to have used excessive force will be liable to ——-. (Authority: CC, s.25, s. 26).
proportionality
reasonableness
objectively
criminal prosecution
Duty to Report and Duty to ———
In accordance with the values of the Service, the law, procedure and the necessity to maintain the trust of the community,
all members shall ———- the reputation of the Service and comply with the duty to intervene and the duty to report ——— of other members of the Service and members of police services that the Service may be partnered with in the course of investigations or ——— activities.
Intervene
safeguard
misconduct
day-to-day
Duty to Report and Duty to Intervene
Any member who has a clear reason to believe that another member of the Service is engaging in conduct that constitutes misconduct including, but not limited to, assault or physical abuse (i.e. excessive use of force) involving any person, shall:
(a) Where feasible, ——— and take reasonable steps to prevent the behaviour from ————;
(b) Record details of the incident and substance of the complaint, including dates, times, locations, other persons present and other relevant information, including the ——– of video and/or other evidence; and
(c) Report the incident forthwith, to their immediate ——– , or another supervisor.
intervene
continuing
presence
supervisor
Duty to Report and Duty to Intervene
Under the ———-, failure to report the misconduct of another member, may constitute ———- and may be subject to
discipline as outlined in Service Procedure - Chapter 13 Appendix A, entitled “Unit Level Criteria/Conduct Penalties”
In addition to this Procedure, sworn members shall abide by applicable requirements of the Code of Conduct, Code of Offences and Conduct Requirements as outlined in Ontario Regulation 268/10 (O. Reg. 268/10) made under the PSA.
PSA
misconduct
Reporting Use of Force
Ontario Regulation 926/90 compels members to submit a Use of Force Report to the ——— when a member
uses ———– force on another person that results in an injury that requires ——– attention
draws a ——– in the presence of a member of the ——–, excluding a member of the police force while on duty
———— a firearm
————-a firearm regardless if the firearm is a handgun or a long gun
uses a ———- other than a firearm on another person
Chief of Police
physical
medical
handgun
public
discharges
points
weapon
Reporting Use of Force
For the purpose of reporting a use of force incident, the definition of a weapon includes a police —— or police ———that comes into direct physical contact with a person.
Additionally, officers are required to submit a Use of Force Report and a TPS 584 to the Chief of Police when the officer uses a ——
as a “———— force presence”
in drive stun mode or full deployment, whether ——— or otherwise.
Use of force reports are collected and used to ——— individual and group training requirements, or Service use of force
———– requirements.
dog
horse
CEW
demonstrated
intentionally
identify
governance
Race and Identity-Based Data Collection
Ontario Regulation 267/18, made under the —————-, requires the Ministry of the ———- ———–to collect
police service member’s perception regarding the race of individuals about whom a Use of Force Report is completed. As outlined in Procedure 16–07, the Toronto Police Services Board Policy entitled “Race-Based Data Collection, Analysis
and ——-Reporting” requires the Toronto Police Service (Service) to collect, analyze and publicly report on data related to the race of those individuals with whom Service members interact. When officers are required to complete a Use of
Force Report, in accordance with this Procedure, they shall record their ——— race of the individual(s) about whom the report is completed in the designated section of the report.
Anti-Racism Act, 2017
Solicitor General
Public
perceived
Team Reports
Specialized Emergency Response – Emergency Task Force (ETF) and ———– – Public Safety (Public Safety), when operating/responding as a team, shall submit a ——— ——— UFR Form 1 in situations where
force, meeting the reporting requirements, is merely ——- . An incident in which force was actually used, including the Demonstrated Force Presence of a CEW, requires a ——— Use of Force Report from each individual officer involved.
Emergency Management & Public Order
Team Report
displayed
separate
Exemptions to the Reporting Criteria
A Use of Force Report is not required when
a firearm, other than an issued handgun, is merely ——– or displayed by an officer
a handgun is drawn or a firearm pointed at a person or is discharged in the course of a ——— exercise, target practice or ordinary firearm ——– in accordance with Service Governance
a ——— other than a firearm is used on another member of the Service in the course of a training exercise
——– force is used on another member of the Service in the course of a training exercise
carried
training
maintenance
weapon
physical
Use of Force Reports – Prohibited Uses
Under no circumstances shall the Use of Force Report, or the personal identifiers associated with Part B be retained beyond the limitations dictated by O.Reg. 926/90, and in accordance with Board Policy.
The Use of Force Report shall not be admitted in —— at any hearing under Part V of the PSA, other than a hearing to determine whether the police officer has —–ss. 14.5 of O.Reg. 926/90 and Service ———- on use of
force reporting
evidence
contravened
Governance
