15

Question 1

How do populations separate? 3*

Answer 1

*Individuals from the population can move to a new portion
*Barrier that subdivides original population
*Large populations in a grand scale

Question 2

Fixation index (Fst)?

Answer 2

Can help us measure the variance in allele frequency among subpopulations. Ranges from 0-1.

Question 3

If subpopulations have identical allele frequencies, F_st = ?

Answer 3

0

Question 4

If all subpopulations are fixed for different alleles, F_st = ?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

Equation for F_st?

Answer 5

1/(4Nm + 1), N = population size, m = migration rate

Question 6

Migration homogenizes or does not homogenizes allele frequencies?

Answer 6

Homogenizes

Question 7

As migration increases, F_st increases/decreases?

Answer 7

Decreases

Question 8

As population size increases, F_st increases/decreases?

Answer 8

Decreases

Question 9

If F_st is higher/lower, there is more gene flow?

Answer 9

lower

Question 10

Quantitative genetics?

Answer 10

Traits are not always coded for by two allele at one genetic locus. Many traits are quantitative traits and are the result of the expression of many genes.

Question 11

What type of selection is greater interest for us?

Answer 11

Directional selection

Question 12

Breeder’s equation?

Answer 12

Predicts the response to selection you should expect given the heritability of the trait you are interested in and the strength of the selection you impose.

R = h2 S, R = response to selection (differences of means of trait freq distribution before directional selection and after directional selection), h^2 = narrow sense heritability, S = selection differential (the difference between the mean trait values of animals in the population before selection and after selection)

Question 13

How to calculate heritability?

Answer 13

Measuring the trait relatedness of the parent and offspring. We graph mid offspring value in response to mid parent value. The slope of the line is h2. h2 is a relative frequency

Question 14

in real life, evolution really occurs when?

Answer 14

All the microevolutionary forces occur together, mutations, selection, drift, and gene flow

Question 15

Current extinction rate

Answer 15

100 to 1000x faster than the normal extinction rate seen in history.

Question 16

If population is small, then what does this mean about genetic drift?

Answer 16

More effects on genetic drift (arises because of random sampling of alleles)

Question 17

Inbreeding depression?

Answer 17

When population gets small, genetic variation gets lost and recessive homozygous genotypes are more common. If these genotypes decrease organism fitness, smaller population sizes can become more dangerous.

Question 18

Could natural selection save species undergoing inbreeding depression?

Answer 18

It depends. In very small populations, genetic drift is strong and can either reinforce or counteract the effects of selection. but if selection is acting at the same time, drift is always random.

In very large population, drift is minimal and selection is more powerful.

Question 19

The relative importance of genetic drift vs selection depends on?

Answer 19

The population size (N) and selection coefficient (s)

Question 20

If N*s < 1, selection or drift rules?

Answer 20

Drift rules

Question 21

If N*s > 1, selection or drift rules?

Answer 21

Selection rules

Question 22

Does genetic rescue work?

Answer 22

It can work

Question 23

Can the fitness of alleles depend on the environment?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

F_sd is always higher/lower for dens separated by roads?

Answer 24

Higher

Question 25

If you sample more alleles, are you more or less likely to get the initial allele frequencies?

Answer 25

More likely