15&16 powerpoint

Question 1

Personal constructs

Answer 1

hypotheses that make the world meaningful to us

Question 2

Personal construct theory

Answer 2

If constructs appear to fit our subsequent experience, we find them useful and hold onto them
If the construct does not lead to behaviors that help us adjust to events in the world, we will seek to alter or change the construct

Question 3

Constructive Alternativism

Answer 3

Philosophical position suggested that any one event is open to a number of possible interpretations

Question 4

construction

Answer 4

people anticipate events by interpreting

Question 5

organization

Answer 5

people develop an organized system of constructs

Question 6

dichotomy

Answer 6

contructs are of a bipolar nature

Question 7

choice

Answer 7

people choose from among alternatives the most useful construct

Question 8

range

Answer 8

each construct has a limited range or focus

Question 9

experience

Answer 9

constructs are changed in the light of experience

Question 10

modulation

Answer 10

constructs are open to change and alteration

Question 11

fragmentation

Answer 11

people may use constructs that seem to be incompatible

Question 12

communality

Answer 12

communication is based on similar personal constructs

Question 13

sociability

Answer 13

social interaction entails understanding constructs

Question 14

self construct

Answer 14

Based primarily on what we perceive as consistencies in our own behavior

Question 15

Role

Answer 15

Process or behavior that people engage in based on their understanding of the behavior and constructs of others

Question 16

Development

Answer 16

Based one’s choice of constructs and is viewed in psychological rather than biological terms

Question 17

Role Construct Repertory Tests (Rep Test)

Answer 17

Person reveals constructs by comparing and contrasting a number of significant persons in his or her life
Research focused on cognitive complexity

Question 18

Psychotherapy

Answer 18

Psychological disorders arise when a person clings to and continues to use personal constructs in spite of the fact that subsequent experience fails to validate them

Question 19

Therapeutic techniques as “reconstruction”

Answer 19

Role-playing
Fixed-role therapy
Group therapy

Question 20

Human beings have four fundamental and interrelated processes

Answer 20

Perception
Motivation
Thinking
Emotion

Question 21

A-B-C theory

Answer 21

suggests how people develop irrational belief systems when a highly charged emotional consequence follows an activating event

Question 22

Rational Emotive

Behavior Psychotherapy

Answer 22

Goal of therapy is to enable clients to commit themselves to actions that correspond to their true value system

Question 23

The three main therapeutic processes are:

Answer 23

Cognitive
Emotive-evocative
Behavioral

Question 24

Desensitization vs

Answer 24

implosive confrontation of anxieties and fears

Question 25

Cognitive therapy derived from

Answer 25

Phenomenological approach to psychology Structural theory and depth psychology of Kant and Freud Cognitive psychology

Question 26

Cognitive schemas

Answer 26

Structures that consist of an individual’s fundamental core beliefs and assumptions about how the world operates

Question 27

Automatic thoughts

Answer 27

Involuntary, unintentional, and preconscious thoughts that are hard to regulate

Question 28

Cognitive therapy based on

Answer 28

theory of personality that maintains that how one thinks largely determines how one feels and behaves

Question 29

Cognitive distortions

Answer 29

Systematic errors in reasoning

Question 30

Two dimensions of personality

Answer 30

Sociotropic and autonomous dimensions of personality

Question 31

Sociotropic dimension characterized by

Answer 31

dependence on interpersonal relationships and need for closeness and nurturance

Question 32

Autonomous dimension characterized by

Answer 32

independence and organized around goal setting, self-determination, and self-imposed obligations

Question 33

Cognitive triad

Answer 33

Tendency for depressed individuals to have a negative view of the self, the world, and the future

Question 34

cognitive distortions

Answer 34

- arbitrary inference - selective abstraction - overgeneralization - magnification and minimization - personalization - dichotomous thinking

Question 35

Cognitive and behavioral methods

Answer 35

Challenge dysfunctional beliefs | Promote more realistic thinking

Question 36

Hot cognition

Answer 36

Consists of well defined therapeutic techniques that help clients experience affective arousal

Question 37

Cognitive therapy is

Answer 37

present-centered, directive, active, and problem-oriented

Question 38

Beck developed many psychometric devices

Answer 38

Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Scale, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, etc.

Question 39

Beck believed

Answer 39

it was essential that people understand their unrealistic view of the world Modern research has identified the biological correlates to Beck’s cognitive theory

Question 40

Lazarus says

Answer 40

people have different physical thresholds (tolerance levels for pain, frustration, and stress) and tend to favor some BASIC-ID

Question 41

BASIC-ID

Answer 41

Comprehensive appraisal of personality

Question 42

Dyadic behavior

Answer 42

vs. multimodal concepts of maladaptive

Question 43

BASIC-ID stands for

Answer 43

``` Behavior Affect Sensation Imagery Cognition Interpersonal Drugs/Biology ```

Question 44

Multimodal Therapy

Answer 44

``` Holistic approach Modality profiles Structural profiles Bridging Tracking Technical eclecticism ```

Question 45

“Third Wave” behaviorism emphasizes

Answer 45

mindfulness, noting thoughts and feelings without becoming enmeshed in them