1.5 Gene expression Flashcards
(10 cards)
what is epigenetic?
Epigenetics is the study of how the environment influences gene expression.
What factors influence the phenotypic expression of genes?
The phenotypic expression of genes depends on factors controlling transcription and translation, such as transcription factors and environmental influences.
How do transcription factors affect gene expression?
Transcription factors bind to DNA to regulate the rate of transcription, influencing gene expression and, consequently, the phenotype.
How is cellular differentiation associated with tissue growth and development?
Cellular differentiation, controlled by gene expression, allows cells to specialize and contribute to the growth and development of tissues.
What role does gene expression play in tissue growth and development?
Gene expression directs the formation of specialized cells necessary for tissue growth and development, ensuring proper organismal structure.
How can changes in DNA methylation affect gene expression?
DNA methylation can silence genes by adding methyl groups to the DNA, affecting transcription and gene expression.
What is the effect of histone modification on gene expression?
Histone modification alters the accessibility of DNA, influencing the transcription of genes and potentially leading to changes in phenotype.
How can epigenetic changes lead to phenotypic differences between identical siblings or clones?
Epigenetic modifications can result in different patterns of gene expression, even in genetically identical individuals, leading to phenotypic differences.
How can epigenetic changes lead to human diseases?
Epigenetic changes, such as altered DNA methylation or histone modification, can disrupt normal gene function, contributing to diseases like cancer or neurological disorders.
How can changes in DNA methylation contribute to cancer?
Changes in DNA methylation can activate oncogenes or silence tumor suppressor genes, disrupting normal cell division and leading to cancer development.
