1.6 mutations

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Answer 1

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can occur in genes or chromosomes.

Question 2

How do mutations happen?

Answer 2

Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication or cell division, or from damage caused by physical or chemical factors in the environment.

Question 3

How do mutations in germ cells and somatic cells differ?

Answer 3

Mutations in germ cells (reproductive cells) can be inherited and passed on to descendants, whereas mutations in somatic cells (body cells) typically affect only the individual and are not inherited.

Question 3

What are some factors that increase mutation rate?

Answer 3

Mutation rate can be increased by ionizing radiation, mutagenic chemicals, and viruses.

Question 4

What are the potential consequences of mutations in germ cells?

Answer 4

Mutations in germ cells can be passed on to offspring, potentially leading to heritable traits or genetic disorders.

Question 4

What are the potential consequences of mutations in somatic cells?

Answer 4

Mutations in somatic cells may lead to cancer or other diseases, but they are not inherited by future generations.

Question 5

How can inheritable mutations lead to changes in characteristics in descendants?

Answer 5

Inheritable mutations in germ cells can be passed down to offspring, altering traits or leading to genetic disorders that affect the characteristics of future generations.