1.5 ORIGIN OF CELLS

Question 1

THE FIRST CELL MUST HAVE ARISEN FROM NON-LIVING MATERIAL

Answer 1

Miller-Urey experiment
→ proved the non-living synthesis (abiogenins theory): simple organice molecules come from primordial inorganic molecules

1. they recreated the condition of early earth in a a closed ecosystem
2. After 2 weeks they found some simple amino acids and hydrocarbons

Question 2

THE ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS CAN BE EXPLAINED BY THE ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

Answer 2

large bacteria engulved other smaller bacteria and instead of digesting them they reamain intact and began living as symbionts

Bacteria that used oxygen to produce ATP energy → Mitochondria

Bacteria that used sunlight to produce their own food → Chloroplast

Question 3

prove for endosymbiotic theory

Answer 3

1. Mitochondria and Chloroplast have their own DNA
2. Mitochondria and Chloroplast are the same size as some bacteria
3. The way in which Mitochondria and Chloroplast divide is a similar way to bacteria (binary fission)
4. Eukaryotes have double membranes

Question 4

CELLS CAN ONLY BE FORMED BY DIVISION OF PRE-EXISTING CELLS

Answer 4

Louis Pasteur
proved that spontaneous generation doesn’t happen on earth