15 - The Oral Cavity and the GI Tract Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Small, painful, rounded superficial erosions of the mouth, covered with a gray-white exudate and having an erythematous rim.
A
Aphthous ulcers (canker sores) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 580
2
Q
Extremely common infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1.
A
Herpetic stomatitis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 580
3
Q
Test used to identify HSV infection.
A
Tzanck test (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 580
4
Q
Glassy, intranuclear acidophilic inclusion bodies.
A
Herpes simplex virus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 580
5
Q
Adherent white, curd-like, circumscribed plaque within the oral cavity. The pseudomembrane can be scraped off revealing an underlying granular erythematous inflammatory base.
A
Oral candidiasis /”thrush” (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 581
6
Q
An oral lesion seen in patients with HIV. White confluent patches with “hairy” or corrugated surface with marked epithelial thickening.
A
Hairy leukoplakia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 581
7
Q
Hairy leukoplakia is caused by what infectious agent?
A
Epstein-Barr virus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 581
8
Q
A whitish, well-defined mucosal patch or plaque caused by epidermal thickening or hyperkeratosis, commonly seen in the vermillion border of the lower lip, buccal mucosa, hard and soft palates.
A
Leukoplakia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 581
9
Q
Oral lesion showing a corrugated surface caused by excessive hyperkeratosis. Recurring and spreads insidiously, resulting in a warty-type lesion.
A
Verrucous leukoplakia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 582
10
Q
Red, velvety, granular, circumscribed lesions of the mouth with poorly defined, irregular boundaries. High malignant transformation rate.
A
Erythroplakia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 582
11
Q
Most frequent site of oral cavity carcinomas.
A
Vermillion border of the lateral margins of the lower lip (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 582
12
Q
Pearly white to gray, circumscribed thickenings of the oral mucosa, which grows in exophytic pattern to produce a visible and palpable nodular, eventually fungating lesions.
A
Oral cavity carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 583
13
Q
Most common lesion of the salivary glands resulting from blockage or rupture of a salivary gland duct.
A
Mucocele (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 583
14
Q
Inflammation of the salivary glands.
A
Sialadenitis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 583
15
Q
Salivary and lacrimal gland inflammatory enlargement presenting as painless lesions, and dry mouth. Can be caused by sarcoidosis, leukemia, and lymphoma.
A
Mikulicz syndrome (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 583
16
Q
Incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter in response to swallowing.
A
Achalasia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
17
Q
Destruction of the myenteric plexus of the esophagus, duodenum, colon and ureter caused by a flagellate protozoa.
A
Chagas disease (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
18
Q
Causative agent for Chagas disease.
A
Trypanosoma cruzi (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
19
Q
Adult with progressive dysphagia to solids and eventually to all foods, caused by a narrowing of the lower esophagus, usually as a result of chronic inflammatory disease.
A
Stenosis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
20
Q
A congenital defect which causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch.
A
Esophageal atresia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
21
Q
Most common type of esophageal atresia.
A
Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula(Type C) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
22
Q
Thin membranes of normal esophageal tissue consisting of mucosa and submucosa that can partially obstruct the esophagus.
A
Esophageal web (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
23
Q
Congenital esophageal webs commonly appear in which segment of the esophagus?
A
Middle and inferior third of the esophagus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 585
24
Q
A diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx just above the cricopharyngeal muscle.
A
Zenker’s diverticulum (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 586
25
A triangular area in the pharyngeal wall where a Zenker's diverticulum may develop.
Killian's triangle (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 586
26
Protrusion of the stomach above the diaphragm, creating a bell-shaped dilation, bounded below by the diaphragmatic narrowing.
Sliding hernia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 586
27
Hernia wherein a portion of the stomach, usually along the greater curvature, enters the thorax through the widened space between the muscular crura.
Paraesophgeal (rolling) hernia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 586
28
Longitudinal tears along the gastroesophageal junction seen in chronic alcoholics after a bout of retching or vomiting.
Mallory-Weiss tears (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 586
29
Tortuous dilated veins lying within the submucosa of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach due to increased portal pressure, usually due to cirrhosis. May cause massive hemorrhage if ruptured.
Esophageal varices (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 587
30
Presence of eosinophils in the epithelial layer, basal zone hyperplasia and elongation of lamina propria papillae are histologic findings in this condition.
Reflux esophagitis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 588
31
Defined as the replacement of the normal distal stratified squamous mucosa by metaplastic columnar epithelium containing goblet cells. A complication of long-standing GERD.
Barrett esophagus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 591
32
Esophageal lesion at risk of developing adenocarcinoma: Reflux esophagitis or Barrett esophagus?
Barrett esophagus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 589
33
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus commonly occur at which segment of the esophagus?
Proximal 2/3 of the esophagusAdenocarcinoma- distal 1/3 (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 591
34
Most common symptoms of esophageal cancer.
Dysphagia and odynophagia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 591
35
Mucin-producing glandular tumors of the distal esophagus showing intestinal-type features.
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 591
36
Presence of chronic inflammatory changes in the mucosa of the stomach eventually leading to mucosal atrophy and epithelial metaplasia.
Chronic gastritis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 592
37
Most important etiologic association with chronic gastritis. A non-invasive, non-spore forming S-shaped gram negative rod.
Helicobacter pylori (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 592
38
Gastritis resulting from production of autoantibodies to the gastric gland parietal cells, leading to gland destruction and mucosal atrophy with loss of acid and intrinsic factor.
Autoimmmune gastritis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 592
39
Refers to the replacement of gastric epithelium with columnar and goblet cells of intestinal variety.
Intestinal metaplasia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 592
40
A acute mucosal inflammatory process of the stomach, marked by mucosal edema and inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils and chronic inflammatory cells. Regenerative replication of cells in the gastric pit is prominent.
Acute gastritis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 593
41
One of the major causes of hematemesis, especially in alcoholics.
Acute gastritis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 593
42
A breach in the mucosa that extends through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa or deeper.
Ulcers (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 593
43
Breach in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal mucosa only.
Erosions (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 593
44
Chronic, solitary lesions that occur in any portion of the GIT exposed to the aggressive action of acidic peptic juices.
Peptic ulcers (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 594
45
Major cause of peptic ulcer disease in patients without H. pylori disease.
NSAID use (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 595
46
Histologic layers in a chronic, nonperforated, open ulcer.
From luminal surface: Necrosis, Inflammation, Granulation tissue, Scar (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 596
47
Chief complication of peptic ulcer.
Bleeding (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 596
48
Increases risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma: Acute gastritis vs. peptic ulcer disease?
Acute gastritis. PUD is NOT a premalignant lesion (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 596
49
Acute gastric ulceration which occurs in the presence of extensive burns.
Curling ulcer (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 596
50
Acute gastric ulceration which occurs in the presence of injury to the CNS.
Cushing ulcer (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 596
51
Composed of hyperplastic gastric mucosal epithelium and an inflamed edematous stroma. A mass lesion arising from the mucosa.
Gastric polyp (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 597
52
Most common site of gastric carcinoma within the stomach.
Pylorus and antrum (50-60%), along the lesser curvature Cardia (25%) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 598
53
What are the two most important factors in the genesis of colonic diverticula?
Focal weakness in the colonic wall and increased intraluminal pressure (TOPNOTCH)
54
Morphologic feature of gastric carcinomas with greatest impact on prognosis.
Depth of invasion (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
55
Gastric carcinoma confined to the mucosa and submucosa, regardless of the presence or absence of perigastric LN metastasis.
Early gastric carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
56
Gastric carcinoma which has extended below the submucosa into the muscular wall.
Advanced gastric carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
57
Three macroscopic growth patterns of gastric carcinoma.
Exophytic - protrusion of mass into lumen, Flat or depressed - no obvious tumor mass within the mucosa, Excavated - a shallow or deeply eroded crater (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
58
Rigid and thickened stomach, secondary to extensive malignant infiltration.
Linitis plastica (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
59
Histologic classification of gastric carcinoma composed of malignant cells forming neoplastic intestinal glands resembling colonic adenocarcinoma. Associated with H. pylori induced chronic gastritis.
Intestinal variant (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
60
Histologic classification of gastric carcinoma composed of gastric-type mucous cells that do not form glands but permeate the mucosa and wall as "signet-ring" cells in an infiltrative growth pattern.
Diffuse variant (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
61
A malignancy in the ovary that metastasized from a gastric adenocarcinoma.
Krukenberg tumor (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 599
62
Complete failure of development of the intestinal lumen.
Atresia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 600
63
Narrowing of the intestinal lumen with incomplete obstruction.
Stenosis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 600
64
Most common intestinal anomaly which results from the failure of involution of the omphalomesenteric duct, leaving a persistent blind-ended tubular protrusion as long as 5-6cm.
Meckel diverticulum (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 600
65
A congenital defect of the periumbillical abdominal musculature that creates a membranous sac, into which intestines herniate.
Omphalocoele (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 600
66
Extrusion of the intestines caused by lack of formation of a portion of the abdominal wall.
Gastroschisis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 600
67
Condition that prevents the intestines from assuming their normal intra-abdominal positions.
Malrotation (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 600
68
Critical lesion in the development of Hirschsprung disease.
Lack of ganglion cells in the muscle wall and submucosa of the affected segment. (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 601
69
Ischemic lesion of the intestines which extends only up to the muscularis mucosae.
Mucosal infarction (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 601
70
Ischemic lesion of the intestines involving the mucosa and submucosa, sparing the muscular wall.
Mural infarction (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 601
71
Ischemic lesion of the intestines involving all of the visceral layers.
Transmural infarct (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 601
72
Most common cause of transmural infarction of the intestines.
Acute occlusion of a major mesenteric artery (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 602
73
Development of sudden abdominal pain out of proportion to the physical signs. Sometimes accompanied by bloody diarrhea. May progress to shock and vascular collapse within hours.
Ischemic bowel injury (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 602
74
A weakness or defect in the wall of the peritoneal cavity, which permits protrusion of a pouch-like serosa lined sac of peritoneum.
Hernia (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 603
75
A blind pouch that communicates with the lumen of the gut. Histologically describes as small, flask-like or spherical outpouchings, usually 0.5 to 1 cm diameter.
Diverticula (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 602
76
Telescoping of a proximal segment of a bowel into the immediately distal segment
Intussusception (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 604
77
Refers to twisting of a loop of bowel or other structure about its base of attachment, constricting venous outflow and sometimes the arterial supply.
Volvulus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 604
78
Characterized by transmural inflammation of the bowel, associated with noncaseating granulomas and fistula formation. Intestinal walls are rubbery and thick. (+) skip lesions, creeping fat mesentery
Chron's disease (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 613
79
An ulceroinflammatory disease of the colon which is limited to the mucosa and submucosa. No granulomas, no skip lesions. High risk of carcinoma development.
Ulcerative colitis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 614
80
Small, nipple-like, hemispherical, smooth protrusions of the intestinal mucosa. May occur singly or multiple.contains abundant crypts lined by well-differentiated goblet or epithelial cells separated by scant lamina propria.
Hyperplastic polyps (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 617
81
Hamartomatous proliferations mainly of lamina propria, enclosing widely spaced, dilated cystic glands. Occur most frequently in children younger than 5 years old.
Juvenile polyps (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 618
82
Most common type of intestinal adenoma, which are tubular glands with slender stalks and raspberry-like heads composed pf neoplastic epithelium forming branching glands lined by tall, hyperchromatic cells.
Tubular adenomas (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 618
83
Larger, more ominous intestinal epithelial polyp. Tends to occur in older persons at the rectum or rectosigmoid. Sessile, velvety and cauliflower-like mass projecting 1-3cm above the surrounding mucosa. Frondlike villiform extensions covered by dysplastic
Villous adenomas (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 618
84
Composed of broad mix of tubular and villous areas, an intermediated between tubular and villous lesions.
Tubulovillous adenomas (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 618
85
Uncommon autosomal dominant disorder with propensity for malignant transformation. Patients with this disease typically develop 500 to 2500 colonic adenomas that carpet the mucosal surface.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 619
86
Uncommon hamartomatous polyps associated with melanotic mucosal and cutaneous pigmentation. Caused by germ-line mutations in LKB1 gene.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 619
87
Polypoid, exophytic masses that extend along the wall of capacious cecum and ascending colon. Symptoms of fatigue, weakness and iron deficiency anemia.
Right sided colorectal carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 623
88
Annular, encircling lesions, "napkin-ring" constrictions of the bowel and narrowing of the lumen. Symptoms pf occult bleeding, changes in bowel habit or crampy left lower quadrant discomfort.
Left-sided colorectal carcinoma (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 623
89
Tumor of the small intestines, showing spindle cells with elongated nuclei with fine chromatin and eosinophilic fibrillar cytoplasm. (+) c-KIT gene mutation
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 628
90
Most common site of carcinoid tumors.
Appendix (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 627
91
Tumors arising from endocrine cells along the GIT. Solid, yellow-tan appearance on transection. Neoplastic cells have a scant, pink granular cytoplasm and a round-to-oval stippled nucleus.
Carcinoid tumors (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 627
92
What is the most common ectopic tissue rests seen in the esophagus?
Ectopic Gastric Mucosa seen in the upper third of the esophagus (TOPNOTCH)
93
What is the most common location of Mallory Weiss Tears?
Esophagogastric junction or in the proximal gastric (TOPNOTCH)
94
Definitive diagnosis of Barret Esophagus is made when what type of cells is seen in the columnar mucosa?
Intestinal Goblet Cells (TOPNOTCH)
95
What type of esophagitis presents with punched out linear ulcers with nuclear inclusions seen in degenerating epithelial cells?
Herpesvirus esophagitis (TOPNOTCH)
96
What type of esophagitis presents with linear ulcerations of the esophageal mucosa with histologic findings of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions?
CMV esophagitis (TOPNOTCH)
97
98% of Peptic Ulcers are located in what part of the GIT?
First portion of the anterior part of the duodenum (TOPNOTCH)
98
What is the most common location of gastric ulcer?
Lesser curvature (TOPNOTCH)
99
What is the most common location of gastric carcinoma is?
Pylorus and antrum > Cardia > body and fundus (TOPNOTCH)
100
What is the morphologic feature of gastric carcinoma that has the greatest impact on the clinical outcome?
Depth of invasion (TOPNOTCH)
101
What is the most common primary source of gastric metastasis?
Systemic lymphoma (TOPNOTCH)
102
What is the usual organism that cause spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with nephrotic syndrome?
E. coli (TOPNOTCH)
103
In bacterial peritonitis, approximately how many hours from the time of initiation before there is loss of the gray, glistening quality of the peritoneal surface and it becomes dull and lusterless?
2-4 hours (TOPNOTCH)
104
What is the histologic criterion for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis?
Presence of neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis propria. (TOPNOTCH)
105
What is the most common site of gut carcinoid tumors?
Appendix (TOPNOTCH)
106
What is the most important prognostic indicator of colorectal carcinoma?
The extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis or the stage (TOPNOTCH)
107
Morphology: a type of adenoma that has frondlike villiform extensions of the mucosa, covered by dysplastic, sometimes very disorderly columnar epithelium
Villous adenomas (TOPNOTCH)
108
These structures represent islands of inflamed regenerating mucosa surrounded by ulceration
Inflammatory or pseudopolyps (TOPNOTCH)
109
Most adenomas are seen in what part of the GIT?
Ampulla of Vater (TOPNOTCH)
110
Most tubular adenomas are found in what part of the GIT?
Colon (TOPNOTCH)
111
Gross morphology: small, flask like or spherical outpouchings, usually 0.5 to 1 cm and located in the sigmoid colon
Colonic diverticula (TOPNOTCH)
112
Morphology: thin wall composed of flattened or atrophic mucosa, compressed submucosa, and attenuated or totally absent muscularis propria.
Colonic diverticula (TOPNOTCH)
113
What are the two most important factors in the genesis of colonic diverticula?
Focal weakness in the colonic wall and increased intraluminal pressure (TOPNOTCH)
114
What is the most common site of angiodysplasia?
Cecum (TOPNOTCH)
115
Morphology: these are tortuous dilations of submucosal and mucosal blood vessels
Angiodysplasia (TOPNOTCH)
116
What area of the GIT is at greatest risk of ischemic injury?
Splenic flexure (TOPNOTCH)
117
Morphology: diffuse active inflammation with crypt abscess and glandular architectural distortion
Ulcerative Colitis (TOPNOTCH)
118
What is the earliest lesion seen in Crohn Disease?
Focal neutrophilic infiltration into the epithelial layer, particularly overlying mucosal lymphoid aggregates (TOPNOTCH)
119
What is the hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease, both CD and UC?
Chronic mucosal damage (TOPNOTCH)
120
Gross morphology: narrowing of lumen, bowel wall thickening, serosal extension of mesenteric fat, and linear ulceration of the mucosal surface
Crohn disease (TOPNOTCH)
121
What are the two key pathogenic abnormalities seen in Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel disease?
Strong immune response against normal flora and defects in epithelial barrier function (TOPNOTCH)
122
Gross morphology: intestinal wall is rubbery and thick, as a consequence of edema, inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy of the muscularis propria
Crohn disease (TOPNOTCH)
123
Morphology: small intestinal mucosa laden with distended macrophages in the lamina propria which are PAS positive and contains numerous bacilli and diastase resistant granules
Whipple disease (TOPNOTCH)
124
Intestinal lipodystrophy is associated with what disease entity?
Whipple disase (TOPNOTCH)
125
Morphology: diffuse severe atrophy and blunting of villi, with a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria
Celiac disease (TOPNOTCH)
126
Morphology: focal crypt cell necrosis or apoptosis with minimal to absent inflammatory cell response in the lamina propria
Acute GVHD (TOPNOTCH)
127
Morphology: marked blunting of the small intestinal villi with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate resembling the atrophic stage of celiac disease
Giardiasis (TOPNOTCH)
128
Morphology: superficial erosion of the mucosa and an adherent pseudomembrane of fibrin, mucus, and inflammatory debris
Pseudomembranous colitis (TOPNOTCH)
129
Morphology: small intestinal mucosa usually exhibits modestly shortened villi and infiltration of the lamina propria by lymphocytes
Viral gastroenteritis (TOPNOTCH)
130
What virus affecting the GIT can produce a flat mucosa resembling celiac sprue?
Rotavirus (TOPNOTCH)
131
Morphology: characterized by the absence of ganglion cells and ganglia in the muscle wall and submucosa of the affected segment
Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (TOPNOTCH)
132
Stercoral ulcers are seen in what disease entity?
Congenital aganglionic megacolon (TOPNOTCH)
133
The majority of these tumors are positive for c-KIT (CD 117)
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (TOPNOTCH)
134
What is the most common site of gastric carcinoma?
Pylorus and anthrum 50%-60% (TOPNOTCH)
135
What is the most favored site of gastric carcinoma?
lesser curvature of the anthropyloric region (TOPNOTCH)
136
What is the morphologic feature of gastric carcinoma that has the greatest impact on clinical outcome?
Depth of invasion (TOPNOTCH)
137
This is a variant of gastric carcinoma composed of neoplastic intestinal glands resembling those of colonic adenocarcinoma and the neoplastic cells contain apical mucin vacuoles and abundant mucin may be present in gland lumens
Intestinal type (TOPNOTCH)
138
This is a variant of gastric carcinoma which is composed of gastric type mucous cells, which generally do not form glands, but rather permeate the mucosa and wall as scattered individual cells or small clusters in an infiltrative growth pattern
Diffuse type (TOPNOTCH)
139
What is the most common type of gastric polyp?
Hyperplastic polyp (TOPNOTCH)
140
In gastritis, histologically, what signifies an active inflammation?
Presence of neutrophils above the basement membrane. (TOPNOTCH)
141
H. pylori infection in duodenal ulcers is present in about how many percent of patients?
Virtually ALL (70% in patients with gastric ulcer) (TOPNOTCH)
