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Chemistry 1 > 15: Transition Metals > Flashcards

15: Transition Metals Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Transition metal definition

A

d-block elements that can form one or more stable ions with incompletely filled d-orbitals

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2
Q

Which period 4 d-block elements aren’t transition metals?

A

Scandium and zinc

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3
Q

Which orbital fills first, 4s or 3d?

A

4s fills first
electrons are removed from 4s first when positive ions form

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4
Q

Which transition metals donate a 4s electron to 3d?

A

Chromium and Copper

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5
Q

Complex ion definition?

A

a metal ion surrounded by dative covalently bonded ligands

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6
Q

Example of a bidentate ligand?

A

1,2-diaminoethane

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7
Q

Examples of multidentate ligands?

A

EDTA4- (hexadentate)
Haemoglobin

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8
Q

Six-fold coordination complexes shape and bond angle?

A

Octahedral
90

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9
Q

Four-fold coordination complexes shape and bond angle?

A

Tetrahedral
109.5

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10
Q

Four-fold coordination complexes shape and bond angle - platinum?

A

Square planar
90

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11
Q

Cis-platin

A

Central platinum ion with 2 NH3 on top and 2Cl on the bottom
Anti-cancer drug

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12
Q

Why are complex ions coloured?

A

When ligands bond to the ions, the 3d orbitals split into 2 different energy levels
To jump up to the higher energy level, e- need energy equal to the energy gap - absorbed from visible light
The rest of the frequencies of light are transmitted

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13
Q

What factors affect the size of the energy gap in d-orbital splitting?

A

the central metal ion, its oxidation number, the ligands, the coordination number

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14
Q

VO₂+ colour

A

Yellow

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15
Q

VO²⁺ colour

A

Blue

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16
Q

V³⁺ colour

A

Green

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17
Q

V²⁺colour

A

Violet

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18
Q

Cr₂O₇²⁻ colour

A

Orange

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19
Q

Cr³⁺ colour

A

Green

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20
Q

Fe³⁺ colour

21
Q

Fe²⁺ colour

22
Q

Co²⁺ colour

23
Q

Cu²⁺ colour

24
Q

CrO4 ²⁻ colour

25
Cr³⁺ colour
Green (violet)
26
Cr²⁺ colour
Blue
27
Aqueous Cr³⁺ + sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia?
Chromium hydroxide precipitate - Cr(OH)3(H2O)3 Amphoteric
28
Colour of chromium hydroxide precipitate? Cr(OH)3(H20)3
Green-grey precipitate
29
Chromium hydroxide + excess sodium hydroxide?
H2O ligands deprotonate (Cr(OH)6)3-
30
(Cr(OH)6)3- colour?
Dark green solution
31
Chromium hydroxide + acid?
OH- ligands protonate (Cr(H2O)6)3+
32
(Cr(H2O)6)3+ colour?
Green solution
33
Chromium hydroxide + excess ammonia?
Ligand exchange (Cr(NH3)6)3+
34
(Cr(NH3)6)3+ colour?
Purple solution
35
How to reduce dichromate (VI) ions?
Zinc + dilute acid Inert atmosphere so Cr²⁺ wont oxidise back to Cr³⁺
36
How to oxidise Cr³⁺ to chromate (VI) ions?
Hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution
37
How to form dichromate (VI) ions from chromate (VI) ions?
Add acid equilibrium set up
38
Why do transition metals make good catalysts?
can change oxidation number by gaining or losing electrons within their d-orbitals so can transfer electrons to speed up reactions
39
How do homogeneous catalysts work?
Combine with the reactants to form an intermediate species which then reacts to form the products and reform the catalyst Activation energy to form the intermediate is always lower than needed to make the products
40
How do heterogeneous catalysts work?
Reaction occurs on the surface of the catalyst Adsorption - reactant molecules are attracted to the surface of the catalyst and stick to it Surface activates the molecules so that they react more easily (e.g. weaken bonds between molecules) Desorption - product molecules leave
41
Why do transition metals make good heterogeneous catalysts?
Can use their partially filled d-orbitals to form weak bonds with the reactants
42
What catalyst is used in the contact process?
Vanadium (V) oxide V2O5 Reduced to Vanadium (IV) oxide by SO2 SO3 made Vanadium (IV) oxide reformed by oxygen in the air
43
What is autocatalysis?
When a product catalyses the reaction
44
What catalyst is used in the reaction between S2O8 2- and 2I-?
Fe2+ Reacts with peroxodisulfate ions to form Fe3+ Fe3+ reacts with the iodide ions
45
What to catalytic converters reduce the emissions of?
CO and NO
46
What catalyst do catalytic converters use?
platinum or rhojdium
47
Reaction in catalytic converters?
2NO + 2CO --> N2 + 2CO2
48
What is the intermediate formed in the reaction between MnO4- + H+ + C2O4 2- ? What is the catalyst?
Mn2+ is the catalyst, reacts with MnO4- and H+ to form Mn3+ and water Mn3+ is the intermediate Mn3+ reacts with C2O4 2- to reform Mn2+ and form CO2

Chemistry 1 (14 decks)

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