15 - Urinalysis

Question 1

things that make urine look cloudy

Answer 1

bacteria, blood, sperm, crystals, mucus

Question 2

leukocyte esterase in urinalysis

Answer 2

detects esterase released by WBCs, suggests infection

Question 3

nitrite in urinalysis

Answer 3

bacteria convert nitrates > nitrites

not all bacteria convert it

Question 4

urine dipstick protein indicator detects

Answer 4

albumin - WONT catch bence jones protein, ig, etc

Question 5

SSA test

Answer 5

sulfosalicylic acid test

detects more proteins than just albumin

Question 6

ACR

Answer 6

albumin creatinine ratio, used to quantify proteinuria relative to Cr clearance/GFR

Question 7

blood on urinalysis

Answer 7

doesn’t measure Hgb - measure pigment, so could also be myoglobin

Question 8

nl urine specific gravity

Answer 8

1.002-1.035

Question 9

what does high specific gravity for urine indicate?

Answer 9

contamination, glucosuria, radiodye

Question 10

hyaline casts

Answer 10

casts of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein from inside tubules

Question 11

RBC casts make you think

Answer 11

glomerulonephritis

Question 12

WBC casts make you think

Answer 12

interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, lupus nephritis

Question 13

tubular/muddy brown casts

Answer 13

seen in ATN

Question 14

fat/waxy casts

Answer 14

indicate chronic/advanced kidney dz

Question 15

causes of acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 15

70% drug hypersensitivity (abx, sulfas, NSAIDs, allopurinol)
15% infection (strep, legionella, CMV, etc)
8% idiopathic
6% autoimmune dz