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SPRING 2024: Advanced Procedures > SINUSES VIEWS > Flashcards

SINUSES VIEWS Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Paranasal Sinuses

A

-Serve as resonating chamber for the voice
-Decrease the weight of the skull by containing air
-Help warm and moisten inhaled air
-Act as shock absorbers in trauma
-Possibly control the immune system

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2
Q

T or F: Maxillary sinuses are present at birth

A

True

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3
Q

T or F: Sinuses are not completely developed until 17-18 years of age

A

True

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4
Q

Maxillary sinuses are also known as

A

Antrum of Highmore

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5
Q

Labeling of the Paranasal Sinuses

A
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6
Q

The most superior sinus is the

A

Frontal

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7
Q

The most posterior sinus is the

A

Sphenoidal

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8
Q

The most inferior sinus is the

A

Maxillary

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9
Q

The largest sinus is the

A

Maxillary

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10
Q

How should sinuses images be taken and why?

A

Must be performed upright position with a horizontal CR because it’s the best demonstration of air fluid levels and differentiates fluid from other pathologic conditions

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11
Q

LATERAL Positioning

A

-MSP: II to IR
-IPL: ⟂ to IR
-IOML: II to long axis of IR (or ⟂ to front edge of IR)
-CR: 0.5-1” posterior to outer canthus
-SID: 40”
-Respiration: suspend

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12
Q

LATERAL Evaluation Criteria

A

-Proper Collimation
-All four sinus groups, best demonstration of sphenoid sinus
-No rotation or tilt
-SI orbital roofs
-SI mandibular rami
-Sella turcica in profile
-Brightness and contrast sufficient to visualize air fluid levels, if present

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13
Q

PA AXIAL CALDWELL Positioning

A

-Rest tip of nose on grid device and center the nasion to the IR so the OML forms a 15 degree angle OR tilt the grid down 15 degrees
-CR: perpendicular exiting the nasion
-SID: 40”
-Adjust the MSP perpendicular to the IR
-Respiration: suspend

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14
Q

PA AXIAL CALDWELL Evaluation Criteria

A

-Proper collimation
-Frontal sinuses lying above the frontonasal suture and anterior ethmoid cells lying above petrous ridges
-No rotation or tilt
-Equal distances from lateral borders of skull to lateral borders of orbits
-Symmetric petrous ridges
-MSP of cranium aligned with long axis of field
-Petrous pyramids in lower 1/3 of orbits

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15
Q

PARIETOACANTHIAL WATERS Positioning

A

-MSP is ⟂ to IR
-OML forms an angle of 37º from plane of IR
-MML is approximately ⟂ to IR
-CR: perpendicular exiting the acanthion
-Place patients chin on the grid adjusting the neck so that the MML is perpendicular to the IR
-Respiration: suspend

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16
Q

PARIETALCANTHIAL WATERS Evaluation Criteria

A

-Proper Collimation
-Maxillary sinuses
-OML in proper position as demonstrated by:
-Petrous pyramids lying immediately inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses
-No rotation or tilt demonstrated by:
-Equal distances between the lateral border of the skull and the lateral border of the orbit on both sides
-Orbits and maxillary sinuses symmetric on each side
-MSP of head aligned with the long axis of collimated field
-Air fluid levels if present

17
Q

PARIETALCANTHIAL WATERS (OPEN MOUTH) Positioning

A

-MSP is ⟂ to IR
-OML forms an angle of 37º from plane of IR
-MML is approximately ⟂ to IR
-CR: perpendicular exiting the acanthion
-Place patients chin on the grid adjusting the neck so that the MML is perpendicular to the IR, open mouth
-Respiration: suspend

18
Q

PARIETALCANTHIAL WATERS (OPEN MOUTH) Evaluation Criteria

A

-Proper collimation
-Sphenoid sinuses projected through the open mouth
-Maxillary sinuses
-OML in proper position
-Petrous pyramids lying inferior to the floor to the maxillary sinuses
-No rotation or tilt
-Equal distances from lateral borders of skull to lateral borders of orbit on both sides
-Orbits and maxillary sinuses symmetric
-MSP of head aligned with long axis of field

19
Q

MODIFIED WATERS Planes and lines

A

MSP is ⟂ to IR
OML forms an angle of 55º from plane of IR
LML is ⟂ to IR

20
Q

MODIFIED WATERS

A
21
Q

What view can show blowout fractures

A

Waters open mouth

22
Q

SUBMENTOVERTICAL (SMV) Positioning

A

-MSP is ⟂ to IR
-IOML is II to IR
-CR: Enters the MSP of the throat between the gonions
⟂ to IOML
⟂ to sella turcica
3/4” anterior to the EAM
-Respiration: Suspend

23
Q

SUBMENTOVERTICAL (SMV) Evaluation Criteria

A

-Proper collimation
-Sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses
-No tilt
Equal distances from lateral borders of skull to mandibular condyles
-IOML is parallel to IR
-Mental protuberance SI over anterior frontal bone
-Insufficient neck extension will cause mandible to superimpose ethmoid sinuses
-Mandibular condyles anterior to petrosal

24
Q

What projection shows the Paranasal sinuses?

A

Lateral

25
Q

What position shows the Frontal and Anterior Ethmoidal sinuses?

A

PA Axial Caldwell

26
Q

Which projection shows the Maxillary sinuses?

A

Parietoacanthial (Waters)

27
Q

Which projection shows the Maxillary AND Sphenoidal sinuses?

A

Parietoacanthial (Waters) OPEN MOUTH

28
Q

Which projection shows the Ethmoidal and Sphenoidal sinuses?

A

SMV

29
Q

Why are the frontal sinuses rarely symmetrical?

A

Because the intersinus septum is usually deviated from the midline

30
Q

The maxillary sinuses drain into the

A

Middle nasal meatus

31
Q

The frontal sinuses drain into the

A

Middle nasal meatus

32
Q

How do the ethmoidal sinuses drain?

A

-Anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into the middle nasal meatus
-Posterior ethmoidal cells drain into the superior nasal meatus

33
Q

The Sphenoidal sinuses drain into the

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity

34
Q

What view shows the foramen rotundum

A

Parietoacanthial (Waters)

35
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses are located

A

-Posterior to nasal fossa, Inferior to sella turcica

36
Q

Which view has the CR perpendicular to the sella turcica?

A

SMV

SPRING 2024: Advanced Procedures (25 decks)

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