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SPRING 2024: Advanced Procedures > UNIT 4: Central Nervous System > Flashcards

UNIT 4: Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

The complex of nerves and tissues that control the body’s activities

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2
Q

The CNS is divided into what 2 parts?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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3
Q

The brain: Cortex

A

outer portion of gray matter

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4
Q

The brain: White matter

A

inner layer

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5
Q

Parts of the brain

A

► Cortex: outer portion of gray matter
► White matter: inner layer
► Cerebrum (forebrain)
► Cerebellum (hindbrain)
► Brain stem
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata

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6
Q

Cerebrum

A

► Largest part of the brain
► Also known as the forebrain
► Sulci and grooves divide it into lobes and lobules
► Longitudinal sulcus: deep cleft that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres
► Corpus callosum: large commissure between the hemispheres for passage of nerve signals
► Ventricles: cavities in the center of the cerebrum responsible for production, transport, and storage of CSF

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7
Q

What divides the cerebrum into lobes and lobules

A

Sulci and grooves

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8
Q

deep cleft that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

A

Longitudinal sulcus

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9
Q

In the Cerebrum, the large commissure between the hemispheres for passage of nerve signals is the

A

Corpus callosum

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10
Q

cavities in the center of the cerebrum responsible for production, transport, and storage of CSF

A

Ventricles

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11
Q

Cerebellum

A

► Largest part of the hindbrain
► Vermis: area where two hemispheres join together
► Surface contains sulci that give it a cauliflower appearance
► Folia: tissues between the sulci

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12
Q

area of the cerebellum where two hemispheres join together

A

Vermis

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13
Q

tissues between the sulci in the cerebellum

A

Folia

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14
Q

Brainstem

A

► Midbrain: most superior aspect of brainstem
► Pons: bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata
► Medulla oblongata: bridge between the brain and the spinal cord

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15
Q

most superior aspect of brainstem

A

Midbrain

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16
Q

bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata

A

Pons

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17
Q

Bridge between the brain and the spinal cord

A

Medulla Oblangota

18
Q

Ventricular system: 4 ventricles

A

►4 irregular, fluid-filled cavities that communicate with one another through connecting channels
- Right lateral ventricle
- Left lateral ventricle
- 3rd ventricle
- 4th Ventricle

19
Q

Ventricular System

A

► Lateral Ventricles (right and left)
-U shaped
-Body, anterior, posterior, and inferior horns
► Foramen of Monro (interventricular foramen) connects lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
► Third ventricle sits in the midsagittal plane just beneath the lateral ventricles
► Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius) connects third and fourth ventricles
► Fourth ventricle
-Diamond shaped
-Located in the hindbrain
-CSF exits the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and the lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

20
Q

Lateral Ventricles (right and left)

A

-U shaped
-Body, anterior, posterior, and inferior horns

21
Q

Foramen of Monro (interventricular foramen)

A

-connects lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
-communicates with the 3rd ventricle directly, and indirectly with the opposite lateral ventricle

22
Q

Third ventricle

A

sits in the midsagittal plane just beneath the lateral ventricles

23
Q

Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius)

A

connects third and fourth ventricles

24
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

► Diamond shaped
► Located in the hindbrain
► CSF exits the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and the lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

25
Q

Spinal Cord

A
  • Cord extends from the medulla oblongata at the foramen magnum to L1-L2
  • Conus Medullaris: cone shaped pointed tail end
  • Adult cord is 18 to 20 inches long
  • 31 spinal nerves
  • Nerves transmitted through the intervertebral and sacral foramina
  • Cauda Equina: spinal nerves below the termination of the spinal cord
  • Spinal cord and nerves transmit and receive sensory, motor, and reflex messages to and from the brain
26
Q

cone shaped pointed tail end of spinal cord

A

Conus Medullaris

27
Q

spinal nerves below the termination of the spinal cord

A

Cauda Equina

28
Q

Meninges: the 3 protective meningeal layers protect the brain and spinal cord

A

► Pia mater: inner sheath, closely adherent to the underlying brain and cord structure
► Arachnoid layer: middle layer
-Subarachnoid space: continuous with the ventricles
-Contain the CSF
► Dura mater: outer layer composed of two layers
-Subdural space: space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer
-Epidural space: space between the dura mater and the vertebral periosteum

29
Q

What are the 3 protective meningeal layers protect the brain and spinal cord

A

-Pia mater
-Arachnoid layer
-Dura mater

30
Q

Meninges: Tentorium Cerebelli

A

tent-shaped fold of dura mater that separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

31
Q

Meninges: Dural sac

A

Dura mater that extends below the spinal cord is the dural sac and it encloses the cauda equina

32
Q

Falx cerebri

A

layer of dura that runs through interhemispheric fissure and provides support to cerebral hemispheres

33
Q

What is the master endocrine gland of the body

A

Pituitary gland

34
Q

Filum terminale

A

Delicate fibrous strand that extends from the terminal tip and attaches the cord to the upper coccygeal segment

35
Q

What is CSF?

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid, tissue fluid of the brain and spinal cord

36
Q

The midbrain connects the cerebrum to the _______ and _______

A

Pons, Cerebellum

37
Q

CSF exits the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the ____________________________ and the ___________________________

A

-median aperture (foramen of Magendie)
-lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

38
Q

Spinal cord extends from the __________________ at the foramen magnum to ____-____

A

Medulla oblongata, L1-L2

39
Q

Adult spinal cord is ___ to ___ inches long

A

18-20

40
Q

How many spinal nerves are on the spinal cord

A

31

SPRING 2024: Advanced Procedures (25 decks)

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