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FINALS: Passmed > paeds > Flashcards

paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Small testes in precocious puberty indicate_________________________

A

an adrenal cause of the symptoms

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2
Q

____________would cause unilateral enlargement of the affected testicle

A

A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour

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3
Q

hypoglycaemia in neonates is defined as _____. what is a RF?

A

blood glucose level of less than 2.5 mmol/L

Maternal gestational diabetes

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4
Q

Perianal itching in children, possibly affecting other family members → which organism?

A

Enterobius vermicularis (threadworms)

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5
Q

‘Examination reveals a positive head impulse test’ –> ?

A

Vestibular neuritis
not typically seen in a posterior circulation stroke

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6
Q

_______________________ is the number one cause of painless massive GI bleeding requiring a transfusion in children between the ages of 1 and 2 years

A

Meckels diverticulum

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7
Q

CAH vs AIS - how to differentiate?

A

AIS causes primary amenorrhea while CAH causes precocious pubic hair

AIS: female presenting, firm palpable masses in groin (undescended testes)

CAH: ambiguous genetilia and virilisation (in F)

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8
Q

______________ is the triad of the shaken baby syndrome

A

Retinal haemorrhages, subdural haematoma and encephalopathy

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9
Q

distended abdomen and bilious vomiting =

A

intestinal malrotation

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10
Q

Pansystolic murmur in lower left sternal border

A

Ventricular septal defect

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11
Q

Crescendo-decrescendo murmur in the upper left sternal border

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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12
Q

Diastolic machinery murmur in the upper left sternal border

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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13
Q

Ejection systolic murmur in the upper left sternal border

A

Pulmonary stenosis

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14
Q

which abdo condition is associated with fluid levels?

A

Hirchsprung’s

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15
Q

Infant with bilious vomiting & obstruction →

A

?intestinal malrotation

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16
Q

Parents should be advised to call an ambulance if a febrile convulsion lasts _____________

A

> 5 minutes

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17
Q

Exomphalos and diaphragmatic herniae are commonly associated with

A

malrotation

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18
Q

paeds seizures
1. generalised tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonic episodes in morning, 12-16 Y.O. occasional episodes of absence seizures:

  1. centrotemporal spikes on EEG, 3-13 Y.O. short seizures involving twitching and parraesthesia of one side of face and tongue:
A
  1. generalised tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonic episodes in morning, 12-16 Y.O. occasional episodes of absence seizures: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
  2. centrotemporal spikes on EEG, 3-13 Y.O. short seizures involving twitching and parraesthesia of one side of face and tongue: benign rolandic epilepsy
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19
Q

Coronary artery aneurysms are a complication of Kawasaki disease and this should be screened for with an

A

echocardiogram

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20
Q

murmur in Turner’s syndrome

A

ejection systolic murmur due to bicuspid aortic valve

21
Q

definitve Mx of SCFE

A

Refer to orthopaedics for in situ internal fixation with a cannulated screw

22
Q

ITP vs TTP?

A

In TTP, schistocytes are often seen on blood smears.

23
Q

____________ is used as prophylaxis for contacts of patients with meningococcal meningitis

A

Oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin

24
Q

Croup:_______________ is an indication for admission

A

audible stridor at rest

25
Q

what causes roseola

A

HHV6

26
Q

chickenpox rash vs roseola rash

A

roseola rash typically starts on the trunk and limbs (this is different to chickenpox which is typically a central rash)

27
Q

Neonatal sepsis
- early onset cause:
- late onset cause:
- most characteristic feature:
- Tx:

A
  • early onset cause: Group B Strep
  • late onset cause: Staph epidermidis
  • most characteristic feature: grunting/resp distreess
  • Tx: IV benpen and gentamicin
28
Q

ASD in children is associated with

A
  • Downs
  • FA
  • Ebsteins anomaly
29
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

BCG
MMR
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid

30
Q

adrenaline dose for children under 6 years

A

150mcg
6-12: 300mcg
adults: 500mcg

in cardiac arrest: 1mg

31
Q

Ix for bronchiolitis?

A

immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal secretions

32
Q

emergency Tx for croup

A

dexamethasone, O2, adrenaline (nebulised)

33
Q

CF-specific contraindication for lung transplantation

A

chronic infection with Burkholderia cepacia

34
Q

referral points for milestones

A

Referral points
- doesn’t smile at 10 weeks
- cannot sit unsupported at 12 months
- cannot walk at 18 months

Fine motor skill problems
- hand preference before 12 months is abnormal and may indicate cerebral palsy

35
Q

which infants need routine US examination for DDH

A
  • first-degree family history of hip problems in early life
  • breech presentation at or after 36 weeks gestation, irrespective of presentation at birth or mode of delivery
  • multiple pregnancy
36
Q

DDH Ix

A

US
XRAY if >4.5m

37
Q

motor milestones

A

3 months = fix and follow
6 months = palmar grasp
9 months = points
12 months = pincer group

38
Q

Play milestones

A

9m = peek a boo
12m = waves bye
18m = plays alone
2 years = plays near children
4 years = plays with children

39
Q

inheritance of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

X-linked recessive

40
Q

Definitive Ix for Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

genetic testing

41
Q

vaccination schedule

A
42
Q

Ix of choice in NE and what does it show

A

Abdo XRAY: shows dilated bowel loops + pneumatosis intestinalis

43
Q

do you treat whooping cough?

A

Whooping cough - azithromycin or clarithromycin if the onset of cough is within the previous 21 days

44
Q

Newborn with intermittent grunting and nasal flaring, normal RR and O2 sats, born after C-section - Dx? Mx?

A

Dx: transient tachypnoea of the newborn

Mx: no further investivations just monitor

It is more common following caesarean sections, possibly due to the lung fluid not being ‘squeezed out’ during the passage through the birth canal

Chest x-ray may show hyperinflation of the lungs and fluid in the horizontal fissure.

45
Q

For a child with a palpable abdominal mass or unexplained enlarged abdominal organ:

A

refer very urgently (<48hr) for specialist assessment for neuroblastoma and Wilms’ tumour

46
Q

Unilateral undescended testicle -

A

review at 3 months - if persistent refer

bilateral - review in 24h

47
Q

____ is associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

HIV

48
Q

increased nuchal thickness on combined scan =

A
  1. Down’s syndrome
  2. Congenital herat defects
49
Q
A

FINALS: Passmed (40 decks)

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