Metabolism Flashcards
Define metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions in the organism catalyzed by enzymes
Give the specific process of amino acids turning into protein
RNA translation
Give an example of catabolic reaction
Digestion (food -> energy and smaller molecules)
Describe the process of metabolism
Substrate and enzymes produce many intermediate substrates to bind to other enzymes to get the end product
The end product will then inhibit the enzyme as a temporary non-competitive inhibitor but reversible
Define cycle reaction
A chemical reaction happening repeatedly (goes back to initial form?)
Differentiate a chain vs cycle reaction (CONT.)
Cycle reactions have no end they return to their initial state
- Chain reactions: A sequence where each step is caused/depends on the previous (e.g. domino effect)
- Cycle reactions: A sequence that returns to its original state with no net gain or loss of reactants — regenerative
Define metabolic pathways
cycles or chains of catalyzed reactions
Why is the enzyme weakening the bond called a “transition stage”?
Transitioning to the next stage (the reaction)
cDescribe the inhibition example of overcoming alcoholism
ethanol - oxidation -> acetaldehyde - aldehyde oxidase vs. antabuse -> acetic acid (non toxic)
Antabuse prevents the creation of acetic acids to build up acetaldehyde to bring Inausea* and strong hangover symptoms
Give the example of the ace inhibitor
the RAA system causes the tightening of blood vessels via anglotensin -> worsening of condition for hypertension and heart attack prone
the ACE inhibitor stops the enzyme of this process
Describe isoleucine
An essential amino acid (aka have to get from diet/external sources)
- acts as a non-competitive inhibitor
- inhibitor to threonic threonine deaminase
How does bioinformatics stop Malaria
Target the enzymes that create the malaria in the carrier mosquito
What do you mean by 1:1 substrate to enzyme?
made specifically for each other
Describe negative feedback inhibition
Basically there’s a negative feeback mechanic
- The body senses there’s too much of an end product
- The end product acts as an inhibitor to enzyme making the product
- When the body needs more of the product, the inhibitor will leave the enzyme to start production again
