(BIO TEXTBOOK EXCLUSIVE/BTE) C1.1 Enzymes and catabolism + Cell Resp SL

Question 1

DEFINE CATALYSTS

Answer 1

Speed up chemical reactions / increase the rate of chemical reaction
- goo SPEEEEDDD

Question 2

Why is there no 1:1 ratio of reactants/substrates to catalysts/enzymes?

Answer 2

Because catalysts can be reused

Question 3

What is the general equation for an enzyme-catalysed reaction?

Answer 3

Substrates - enzyme -> products

Question 4

Why are enzymes important:

Answer 4

All life processes would be slow at ambient/mormal temps

Question 5

Define metabolic pathway

Answer 5

One molecule transformed into another by steps

Question 6

Outline the importance of enzymes in metabolism

Answer 6

• almost all reactions catalyzed by enzymes
• all bodily processes too slow in ambient temp

Question 7

Why is the lock and key model flawed?

Answer 7

The size and bond of the enzyme and substrate change due to chemical reaction
- so the active site shape must change along w/ the enzyme’s shape

because if the substrate shapes change in shape -> whatever is attached to it should also change in shape

Question 8

“Outline” the induced fit model [4]

Answer 8

1.) random collisions
2.) binding, substrate shape and active site shape altered
3.) if another substrate joins, the active site changes shape
4.) products detach, active site to resume original shape

Question 9

Why is ATP stable at neutral pH levels?

Answer 9

The pH level of the cytoplasm

Question 10

Give the chemical equation of ATP in hydrolysis and condensation

Answer 10

Question 11

Outline the life processes within cells that ATP supplies with energy.

Answer 11

1.) Synthesizing macromolecules
- e.g. the central dogma
2.) Active transport
- pumps, voltage gate
3.) Movement
- locomotion for example, or organelle mvmt

Question 12

Where does the energy to convert ADP -> ATP come from?

Answer 12

via oxidation
- cell respiration (biomolecules except nucleic acid)
- photosynthesis ( light -> chem energy)
- chemosynthesis (oxidizing inorganic substances -> energy released)

Question 13

Explain the relationship of gas exchange and cell respiration

Answer 13

• w/o gas exchange: cell respiration could not continue because there would soon be a lack of oxygen + HARMFUL excess of carbon dioxide

Question 14

Give the word equations for the different types of respiration

Answer 14

Question 15

compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration

Answer 15