Cardiopulmonary Rehab

Question 1

is Cardiac disease a primary or secondary problem & typically impacts occupational performance

Answer 1

both

Question 2

cariac disease can impact what systems of the body

Answer 2

musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, CNS, skin, urinary, respiratory and cardiovascular

Question 3

causes of cardiac symptoms

Answer 3

HTN, cardiomyopathy, MI, valve disease, obesity, Diabetes Melitis, infection, drug toxicity

Question 4

What are the symptoms of cardiac disease

Answer 4

orthopnea (shortness of breath while lying down), edema, coughing, exercise intolerance, fatigue, weight gain, dyspnea (shortness of breath)

Question 5

metabolic equivalent values (MET)
look up this chart

Answer 5

different levels for different activities
- sedentary - TV
- light - sitting to put on a shirt
- moderate - standing and dressing, cleaning counter
- vigorous - walking upstairs and carrying groceries.

Question 6

when should you monitor vitals with a cardiac pt

Answer 6

depends
see what chart says. you may keep the bp cuff on them. monitor throughout.
definately before and after.
if they are stable - just before
if they are progressing throughout.

Question 7

how much does blood pressure change during activity?

Answer 7

> 20mm HG or HR > 20 BPM over RHR

Question 8

when might dizziness occur

Answer 8

sit to stand transition. watch for color change and facial expression.
blood pressure shifts find out what makes it go away.

Question 9

chest pain is a very important warning sign for activity guidelines what can it feel like

Answer 9

discomfort, tightness, pain.

Question 10

uncontrolled arrhythmia can be an activty guideline becuase

Answer 10

they may be on blood thinners, they may have a pacemaker

Question 11

active pericarditis will need OT or PT when

Answer 11

at the end of their hospital stay becuase they’ve been in bed for days and they need to get moving

Question 12

Indigestion, nausea, or vomiting
and a history of cardiac issues what do you do

Answer 12

ask nursing staff. they may be having heart issues

Question 13

if a cardiac patient is confused what do you do?

Answer 13

stop treatment ask nurse, they could have an infection.

Question 14

anxiety and fear can go along with cardio / pulmonary issues what can you do

Answer 14

give lots of context, heads up and tell why, do lots of slow deep breathing. coaching them through every step helps drop the anxiety down. lots of check ins to make sure their ok. Borg assessment will be helpful here.

Question 15

pts who are sweating can be a symptom of cardiac issues

Answer 15

look at context to make sure it’s not normal before calling nurse or 911

Question 16

considerable exercise fatigue

Answer 16

make sure they can handle the treatment. it should help with endurance, not knock them out for the next day.

Question 17

VAD

Answer 17

artificual pump that is inserted into the gut that helps to pump the blood through the heart. it’s for end stage heart failure

Question 18

waht are some precautions with a VAD

Answer 18

can’t take blood pressure typically, you need a dopler. They cannot drive. no static.

Question 19

what are some examples of health promotion for cardio pumonary

Answer 19

healthy as possible with what they have. we want them up and moving every day, every hour. moving around the home and getting out. keeping up with life stuff - Dr. appt, shopping, laundry. have them spread it out and balance they things.

Question 20

what are some examples of health prevention with cardio pulmonary pts

Answer 20

blood pressure check and weight and vitals daily.

Question 21

what are sternal precautions

Answer 21

no abductions with arms, no arms flexion above 90. nothing resistive, no more than 5 lbs with one arm and no more than 10lbs with two arms. can’t use their arms to push to get up. they can use cardiac pillows. No move and the tube?

Question 22

if someone is in the ICU what will be the main focus of assessments

Answer 22

safety, mobility, cognition, endurance, activity toleralnce, IADLs, ADLs

Question 23

when heart has been compromised sometimes this can cause lack of oxygen to the brain for a while. What may this cause

Answer 23

cognition deficits - could be just a little foggy or more severe.

Question 24

If the pt has cognition issues how to you rule out if they had the issue before or after the heart issue?

Answer 24

check chart, ask family members.

Question 25

incentive spirometer - what does it do?

Answer 25

improve inspiration, lung expansion, respiratory reserve and prevent lung collapse. Its given to people who have had general anesthesia.

inhale slow and deep
ball on indicator reaches pre-set height
hold breath as long as possible
exhale - ball returns to start point.

Question 26

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

Answer 26

a vein or artery from another part of the body is grafted to the blocked coronary artery, bypassing the occlusion to ensure adequate blood flow.

Question 27

Balloon Angioplasty

Answer 27

A balloon-tipped catheter is threaded through an artery (usually in the groin) until it
reaches the blockage. Once inflated, it broadens the narrowed vessel by compressing or
flattening the atheroma (plaque). Once the blockage is reduced, the balloon deflates. A stent
(wire mesh tube) is then placed to keep the blood vessel open and unobstructed.

Question 28

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Answer 28

occurs when the heart muscle weakens, leading to a build up of fluid in the lungs and surrounding body tissue.

Question 29

Fibrillation

Answer 29

Uncoordinated, extremely rapid, and irregular contraction of the atria or ventricles

Question 30

Arrhythmia

Answer 30

irregular or abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 31

Aortic Aneurysm

Answer 31

is a weakened, bulging segment of the aorta.

Question 32

Endocarditis

Answer 32

can result when bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) or, less commonly, fungi enter the heart from the bloodstream and infect the endocardium and heart valves

Question 33

Myocarditis

Answer 33

is an inflammation of the myocardium or heart muscle secondary to viral, bacteria, parasitic, or fungal infection. It is as- sociated with immunosuppression (e.g., chemotherapy), allergic re- actions, exposure to certain chemicals, and systemic diseases

Question 34

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 34

is a disease of the heart muscle in which the muscle becomes thicker, enlarged, or stiff and is unable to maintain its normal electrical rhythm

Question 35

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 35

Heart attack. blood and oxygen to the heart muscle are reduced because of plaque rupture or thrombus formation in a coronary artery. Re- duction in blood supply to the myocardium causes irreversible tissue damage and necrosis

Question 36

Angina

Answer 36

narrowed coronary arteries reduce blood flow. This causes chest pains, known as angina. Pains are described as pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest, but they can also be felt in the jaw, neck, and left arm.

Question 37

Pacemaker

Answer 37

a small electronic device that regulates heartbeats when there is a problem in the heart’s electrical system. The pace- maker senses when HR slows below a certain set point and sends a signal that induces the heart to beat.

Question 38

Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)

Answer 38

A device that helps support circulation to and from the heart. The machine
helps pump the blood through the tubes of the device and back into the heart.

Question 39

COPD

Answer 39

Inflammatory lung disease that reduces airflow of the lungs, causing shortness of breath, chronic cough and wheezing. While it is not curable it is preventable and treatable. Prolonged periods of inadequate breathing can lead to heart conditions
since the heart and the lungs work in tandem. This condition is usually due to smoking or
exposure to harsh chemicals inhaled.

Question 40

Emphysema

Answer 40

is a common type of COPD in which recurrent inflammation destroys alveoli walls, causing large bullae (i.e., air sacs) that lead to air trapping, loss of elastic recoil, hyperinflation, and impaired oxygen exchange.

Question 41

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 41

a productive cough that lasts months and happens periodically
throughout the year.

Question 42

pneumonia

Answer 42

inflammation of lung tissue caused by acute injury, It can result from a direct lung infection or from a different respiratory or systemic condition

Question 43

pulmonary edema

Answer 43

A build up of fluid in the lungs becomes. Typically lymphatic system helps but the fluid is too great and the body can’t drain it.

Question 44

pulmonary hypertension

Answer 44

Blood vessels in lungs get blocked making it hard to get blood to circulate well through the lungs. This causes the heart to work harder.

Question 45

Apnea

Answer 45

brief pauses in breathing

Question 46

hypoxia

Answer 46

lack of oxygen to the brain due to lung or heart issue