Vert Zoo quiz 1

Question 1

Define Taxon

Answer 1

Hierarchical categories used in taxonomy

Question 2

What is a In group

Answer 2

group of interest in the cladogram

Question 3

what is out group

Answer 3

reference group related to the organisms studied, but less closely related to any member of the in group than the in group members to each other

Question 4

What is Monophyly

Answer 4

branch point that contains all the things that come from it

Question 5

Principle of parsimony

Answer 5

favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions

Question 6

What is convergent evolution

Answer 6

2 species independently evolve the same features

Question 7

What is reversals

Answer 7

organism reverts back to an ancestral character

Question 8

What are Homologous structures

Answer 8

characters that have descended from common ancestry

Question 9

what is a sister group

Answer 9

most closely related descendants in a monophyletic group

Question 10

Crown groups are…

Answer 10

extant species that have all the derived characters

Question 11

Stem group are…

Answer 11

extinct forms that proceed the point at which the 1st member of the crown group branched off

Question 12

Define clade

Answer 12

grouping of organisms that share a common ancestor

Question 13

What is an ancestral trait

Answer 13

present in ancestor and passed down to decedents of the taxon

Question 14

what is a derived trait

Answer 14

a newly developed trait, new characteristic feature which was absent in the ancestor

Question 15

Define Synapomorphy

Answer 15

a derived trait, entire clade has the particular trait

Question 16

Define plesiomorphy

Answer 16

ancestral trait that a taxon retains throughout evolution

Question 17

Define Homoplasy

Answer 17

character state that is shared by at least 2 organisms but not found in common ancestor