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Vertebrate Zoology > Practical study > Flashcards

Practical study Flashcards

1
Q

Synapomorphy

A

A synapomorphy is a shared derived characteristic or trait that is present in two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor but is absent in more distant ancestors.

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2
Q

Symplesiomorphy

A

A symplesiomorphy is a shared ancestral characteristic or trait that is present in two or more taxa, including their most recent common ancestor, and is also present in more distant ancestors.
Unlike synapomorphies, symplesiomorphies do not provide useful information for determining evolutionary relationships because they are shared by a broader range of organisms.

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3
Q

How do tuincates and lancelets get food?

A

Filter feeding

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4
Q

what is the sister clade for urochordates

A

cephalochordates

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5
Q

Synapomorphies of chordates

A

notochord
hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
endostyle
post-anal tail

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6
Q

What is the function of gill slits in cephalochordata

A

filter feeding

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7
Q

what non-vert chordate is sessile

A

tunicates

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8
Q

what are the synapomorphies for Myxinoidea

A

Accessory hearts, oral tentacles, slime glands

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9
Q

Lingual cartilage is a synap. for which clade?

A

cyclostomes (living jawless fish)

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10
Q

jaws and gill arches are a synapomorphy for which clade

A

gnathostomata

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11
Q

what do myxinoidea and petromyzontoidea lack from the rest of extant verts

A

lack jaws

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12
Q

what are the differences between lamprey and hag fish feeding behavior

A

hagfish are scavengers
lamprey are parasitic

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13
Q

What are the teeth of lampreys made of?

A

keratin

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14
Q

what are shark teeth made of

A

dentine

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15
Q

Do lampreys and hagfish have vertebrae?

A

NO, they have arcualia

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16
Q

what are the 3 parts of the lampreys heart?

A

atrium, ventricle, sinus venosus

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17
Q

What does this picture show?

A

Tunicate

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18
Q

What does this picture show

A

Amphioxus

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19
Q

What is the subphylum of amphioxus

A

cephalochordata

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20
Q

what is the subphylum of the tunicate

A

urochordata

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21
Q

what are the cephalochordate synaps.

A

notocord
hollow nerve cord
pharynegeal slits
endostyle

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22
Q
A

Myxinoidea

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23
Q
A

Petromyzontoidea

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24
Q
A

Holocephali
(ratfish)

25
Q
A

Neoselanchii
(dogfish shark)

26
Q
A

Batoidea
(ray)

27
Q
A

Batoidea
(skate)

28
Q
A

Atherinomorpha

29
Q
A

Clupeomorpha

30
Q
A

Lepisosteidae (gar)

31
Q
A

Esociformes (esox)

32
Q
A

amphioxus

33
Q
A

Ammocoetes

34
Q

Synap of chondricthyes

A

tessellated endoskeleton mineralization and
Placoid scales (dermal denticles)

35
Q

differences between neo and elasmobranchii

A

neo is extant (living sharks)

36
Q

external structures of holocephali

A

(Chimaeras)
long spines w/ venom
large pectoral fins, useful for feeding
electroreceptive organs that can detect prey

37
Q

Synap of petromyzontidae

A

jawless mouth
notochord
circular mouth with teeth
cartilaginous skeleton

38
Q

synap. of osteichthyes

A

endochondral bone
operculum
replacement teeth
branchiostegal rays

39
Q

what clades make up osteichthyes

A

sarcopterygii and actinopterygii

40
Q

What clade does the gar belong to?

A

Actinopterygii

41
Q

what is a synap of actinopterygii

A

single dorsal fin
scales composed of genoine
everted cerebral hemispheres

42
Q

mobile maxilla is a synap for which clade?

A

neopterygii

43
Q

what is a syanp for ascipenseriformes (sturgeon)

A

reduced endochondral bone

44
Q

what are the synap of sarcopterygii

A

scales made of cosmine
monobasic paired fins
intracranial joint bewteen anterior and posterior portions of the braincase(involved in suction feeding)

45
Q

1

A

Nerve cord

46
Q

2

A

notocord

47
Q

3

A

postanal-tail

48
Q

4

A

pharyngeal slits

49
Q

5

A

Lancelet (amphioxus)

50
Q

6

A

endostyle

51
Q

what stage is this in?

A

Adult

52
Q

1

A

notocord

53
Q

2

A

nerve cord

54
Q

3

A

post anal tail

55
Q

4

A

endostyle

56
Q

5

A

pharyngeal slits

57
Q

6

A

tunicate

58
Q

What stage is this in?

A

Larval

Vertebrate Zoology (12 decks)

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