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Clinical Parasitology > Chapter 3: Ameba (Laboratory) > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Ameba (Laboratory) Flashcards

1
Q

Amebas are equipped with the ability to extend their cytoplasm in the form often referred to as fall feet.

A

Pseudopods

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2
Q

A morphologic form that forms that feeds,
multiplies, and possesses pseudopods.

These are characteristically delicate and fragile and, because of their ability to produce and use pseudopods, motile.

A

Trophozoites

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3
Q

A morphologic form known as the nonfeeding stage is characterized by a thick protective cell wall designed to protect the parasite from the harsh outside environment when deemed necessary.

A

Cysts

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4
Q

The most common means by whereby amebas are transferred to humans is through?

A

The ingestion of the infective cyst in contaminated food or water.

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5
Q

What do you call the easily destroyed by the gastric juices of the stomach and susceptible to the environment outside the host, known as NOT usually transmitted to humans?

A

Trophozoites

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6
Q

The morphologic conversion from the cyst form into the trophozoite form occurs in the ileocecal area of the intestine.

A

Excystation

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7
Q

It is the ONLY occurs in the trophozoite stage; it is accomplished by multiplication of the nucleus via asexual binary fission.

A

Replication

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8
Q

The conversion of trophozoites to cysts, a
process known as?

A

Encystation

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9
Q

Amebas transform from trophozoites to cysts on entry into an unsuspecting human.

True or False?

A

False

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10
Q

In Laboratory Diagnosis, the standard microscopic procedures include the examination of specimens for amebas, what is it use for?

A
  • Saline wet preparations
  • Iodine wet preparations
  • Permanent stains
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11
Q

Formed stool specimens are more likely to contain which of the following?

A. Trophozoites
B. Cysts

A

B. Cysts

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12
Q

A number of patients infected with intestinal amebas are?

A

Asymptomatic

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13
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. histolytica?

A
  • Intestinal amebiasis
  • Amebic colitis
  • Amebic dysentery
  • Extraintestinal amebiasis
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14
Q

What is the size range of E. histolytica trophozoites?

A

8 to 65 µm

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15
Q

What is the motility of E. histolytica trophozoites?

A

Progressive
Finger-like pseudopodia

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16
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. histolytica trophozoites?

A

Ingested red blood cells

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17
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba histolytica?

A

1

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18
Q

TROPHOZOITE - E. HISTOLYTICA

The single nucleus typically contains a small central mass of chromatin known as?

A

Karyosome

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19
Q

The karyosome of this amebic parasite is surrounded by a chromatin material morphologic structure called?

A

Peripheral chromatin.

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20
Q

How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba histolytica?

A

1-4

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21
Q

What is the size range of E. histolytica cysts?

A

8-22 µm

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22
Q

What is the shape of E. histolytica cysts?

A

Spherical to round

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23
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. histolytica cysts?

A

Chromatoid bars
Rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts

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24
Q

The young cysts characteristically contain unorganized chromatin material that transforms into squared or round-ended structures called?

A

Chromatoid bars

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25
Q

A cytoplasmic area without defined borders that is believed to represent stored food, is also usually visible in young cysts.

A

Glycogen mass

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26
Q

The mature infective cyst is

A

Quadrinucleated

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27
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of E. histolytica?

A
  • Sigmoidoscopy procedure
  • TYI-S-33 in culture
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in antigen test
  • Indirect hemagglutination (IHA)
  • Gel diffusion precipitin (GDP)
  • Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)
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28
Q

In clinical symptoms, Entamoeba histolytica is the only known?

A

Pathogenic intestinal ameba

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29
Q

Symptomatic intestinal amebiasis in E. histolytica

A
  • Amebic colitis
  • Amebic dysentery
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30
Q

Treatment for E. histolytica?

A
  • Paromomycin
  • Diloxanide furoate (Furamide)
  • Metronidazole (Flagyl)
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31
Q

The infective stage of E. histolytica is which of the following?

A. Trophozoite
B. Cyst

A

B. Cyst

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32
Q

A nonpathogenic ameba, known as

A

Entamoeba dispar

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33
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba hartmanni?

A

1

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34
Q

What is the size range of E. hartmanni trophozoites?

A

5-15 µm

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35
Q

What is the motility of E. hartmanni trophozoites?

A

Non-progressive
Finger-like pseudopods

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36
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. hartmanni?

A

Ingested bacteria may be
present

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37
Q

How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba histolytic?

A

1-4

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38
Q

What is the size range of E. hartmanni cysts?

A

5-12 µm

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39
Q

What is the shape of E. hartmanni cysts?

A

Spherical

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40
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. hartmanni cysts?

A

Chromatoid bars
Rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts

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41
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of E. hartmanni

A

Examining of stool

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42
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. hartmanni?

A
  • Intestinal amebiasis
  • Amebic colitis
  • Amebic dysentery
  • Extraintestinal amebiasis
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43
Q

Treatment for E. hartmanni?

A

Considered as non-pathogen

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44
Q

Clinical symptoms of E. hartmanni

A

Asymptomatic

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45
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. coli?

A
  • Intestinal amebiasis
  • Amebic colitis
  • Amebic dysentery
  • Extraintestinal amebiasis
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46
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba coli?

A

1

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47
Q

What is the size range of E. coli trophozoites?

A

12-55 µm

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48
Q

What is the motility of E. coli trophozoites?

A

Nonprogressive
Blunt pseudopods

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49
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusion of E. coli trophozoites?

A

Vacuoles containing bacteria
often visible

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50
Q

How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba coli?

A

1-8

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51
Q

What is the size range of E. coli cysts?

A

8-35 µm

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52
Q

What is the shape of E. coli cysts?

A

Round to spherical

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53
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusion of E. coli cysts?

A

Diffuse glycogen mass present in young cysts; may displace nuclei (often seen in cysts with two nuclei) to opposite ends of the cyst

Thin chromatoid bars with pointed
to splintered ends in young cysts

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54
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of E. coli?

A

Stool examination

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55
Q

Clinical symptoms of E. coli

A

Asymptomatic

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56
Q

Treatment for E. coli?

A

Considered as non-pathogen

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57
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. polecki?

A

None

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58
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba polecki?

A

1

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59
Q

What is the size range of E. polecki trophozoites?

A

8-25 µm

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60
Q

What is the motility normal stool of E. polecki trophozoites?

A

Sluggish, nonprogressive

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61
Q

What is the motility diarrheal stool of E. polecki trophozoites?

A

Progressive, unidirectional

62
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. polecki trophozoites?

A

Ingested bacteria
Other food particles

63
Q

How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba polecki?

A

1

64
Q

What is the size range of E. polecki cysts?

A

10-20 µm

65
Q

What is the shape of E. polecki cysts?

A

Spherical or ova

66
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. polecki cysts?

A

Chromatoid bars , angular or pointed ends in young cysts
Glycogen mass in young cysts
Inclusion mass

67
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of E. polecki?

A

Stool examination

68
Q

Clinical symptoms of E. polecki?

A

Asymptomatic

The only documented discomfort associated with symptomatic patients is diarrhea.

69
Q

Treatment for E. polecki?

A

A combination of metronidazole (Flagyl) and diloxanide furoate (Furamide)

70
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Endolimax nana?

A

None (considered as a nonpathogen)

71
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Endolimax nana?

A

1

72
Q

What is the size range of Endolimax nana trophozoites?

A

5-12 µm

73
Q

What is the motility of Endolimax nana?

A

Sluggish, nonprogressive, blunt pseudopods

74
Q

What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of Endolimax nana?

A

Bacteria

75
Q

How many nuclei are present in cysts Endolimax nana?

A

1-4

76
Q

What is the size range of Endolimax nana cysts?

A

4-12 µm

77
Q

What is the shape of Endolimax nana cysts?

A

Spherical, ovoid, ellipsoid

78
Q

What are the cytoplasmic inclusion of Endolimax nana cysts?

A

Chromatin granules
Nondescript small mass
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts

79
Q

Treatment for E. nana?

A

None (considered as a nonpathogen)

80
Q

Clinical symptoms of Endolimax nana

A

Asymptomatic

81
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Iodamoeba butchlii?

A

None (considered as nonpathogen)

82
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite I. butchlii?

A

1

83
Q

What is the size range of Iadamoeba butchlii?

A

8-22 µm

84
Q

What is the motility of Iadamoeba butchlii trophozoites?

A

Sluggish, usually progressive

85
Q

What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of Iadamoeba butchlii trophozoites?

A

Bacteria
Yeast cells
Other debris

86
Q

How many nuclei are present in cysts I. butchlii?

A

1

87
Q

What is the size range of I. butchlii cysts?

A

5-22 µm

88
Q

What is the shape of I. butchlii cysts?

A

Ovoid, ellipsoid, triangular, other shapes

89
Q

What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of I. butchlii cysts?

A

Well-defined glycogen mass
Granules may be present

90
Q

Treatment for I. butchlii?

A

None (considered as nonpathogen)

91
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of I. butchlii?

A

Stool examination

92
Q

Clinical symptoms of I. butchlii

A

Non-pathogenic

93
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. gingivalis?

A

None (considered as a nonpathogen)

94
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite E. gingivalis?

A

1

95
Q

What is the size range of Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite?

A

8-20 µm

96
Q

What is the motility of E. gingivalis?

A

Active, varying pseudopod appearance

97
Q

What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of E. gingivalis trophozoite?

A

Leukocytes
Epithelial cells
Bacteria

98
Q

Clinical symptoms of E. gingivalis

A

Pyorrhea alveolaris

99
Q

Treatment for E. gingivalis?

A

None (considered as nonpathogen)

100
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Naegleria fowleri?

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis

101
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Naegleria fowleri?

A

1

102
Q

What is the size range of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites?

A

8-22 µm

103
Q

What is the motility of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites?

A

Sluglike, blunt pseudopods

104
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of Naegleria fowleri?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

105
Q

Defined as a diagnostic sign for meningitis

A

Kernig’s sign

106
Q

Treatment for N. fowleri?

A

Amphotericin B combination of rifampin or miconazole

107
Q

The specimen of choice for the recovery of N. fowleri is which of the following?

A. Sputum
B. Stool
C. Cerebrospinal fluid
D. Urine

A

C. Cerebrospinal fluid

108
Q

What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Acanthamoeba spp?

A
  • Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
  • Acanthamoeba keratitis
109
Q

How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Acanthamoeba spp?

A

1

110
Q

What is the size of Acanthamoeba spp trophozoites?

A

12-45 µm

111
Q

What is the motility of Acanthamoeba spp?

A

Sluggish, spinelike pseudopods

112
Q

How many nuclei are present in cysts Acanthamoeba spp?

A

1

113
Q

What is the size of Acanthamoeba spp cysts?

A

8-25 µm

114
Q

What is the shape of Acanthamoeba spp cysts?

A

Roundish with ragged edges

115
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of Acanthamoeba spp?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

116
Q

Clinical symptoms of Acanthamoeba spp

A

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis

117
Q

Treatment for A. keratitis?

A
  • Itraconazole
  • Ketoconazole,
  • Miconazole
  • Propamidine isethianate
  • Rifampin.
118
Q

Acanthamoeba infections of the cornea of the eye are known as?

A

Amebic keratitis

119
Q

Infections with Acanthamoeba species are encountered in which of the following anatomical parts?

A. Eye
B. Large intestines
C. Lungs
D. Liver

A

A. Eye

120
Q

Transformation of a trophozoite stage into
a cyst stage.

A

Encystation

121
Q

Transformation of a cyst stage into a
trophozoite stage.

A

Excystation

122
Q

The amebic stage with a thick cell wall allows for survival of the organism in the external environment.

A

Cyst

123
Q

A motile class of Protozoa equipped with pseudopods

A

Ameba

124
Q

Extension of cytoplasm that aids ameba in motility

A

Pseudopod

125
Q

Amebic stage characterized by its ability to move and multiply

A

Trophozoite

126
Q

Small mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of certain protozoan parasites

A

Karyosome

127
Q

An intestinal amebic infection characterized by blood and mucus in the stool

A

Amebic dysentery

128
Q

Amebic dysentery is caused by

A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Entamoeba coli
C. Entamoeba gingivalis
D. Endolimax nana

A

A. Entamoeba histolytica

129
Q

True/False. Treatment for patients with
asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis is not
recommended.

A. True
B. False

A

A. True

130
Q

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis is
primarily caused by

A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Naegleria fowleri
C. Entamoeba gingivalis
D. Acanthamoeba spp.

A

B. Naegleria fowleri

131
Q

CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Stool

132
Q

CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE

Entamoeba coli

A

Stool

133
Q

CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE

Endolimax nana

A

Stool

134
Q

CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE

Entamoeba gingivalis

A

Mouth scrapping

135
Q

CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE

Acanthamoeba spp.

A

Corneal scraping

136
Q

CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE

Naegleria fowleri

A

Spinal fluid

137
Q

Transformation of a trophozoite stage into
a cyst stage

A

Encystation

138
Q

Transformation of a cyst stage into a trophozoite stage

A

Excystation

139
Q

The amebic stage with a thick cell wall allows for survival of the organism in the external environment

A

Cyst

140
Q

A motile class of Protozoa equipped with pseudopods

A

Ameba

141
Q

Extension of cytoplasm that aids ameba in motility

A

Pseudopod

142
Q

The amebic stage characterized by its ability to move and multiply

A

Trophozoite

143
Q

Small mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of certain protozoan parasites

A

Karyosome

144
Q

An intestinal amebic infection characterized by blood and mucus in the stool

A

Amebic dysentery

145
Q

Amebic dysentery is caused by

A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Entamoeba coli
C. Entamoeba gingivalis
D. Endolimax nana

A

A. Entamoeba histolytica

146
Q

What is the special medium known that supports E. histolytica in culture?

A

TYI-S-33

147
Q

Parasites that non-treatment

A
  • E. hartmanni
  • E. coli
  • E. nana
  • I. butchlii
  • E. gingivalis
148
Q

Parasites that have treatment

A
  • E. histolytica
  • E. polecki
  • Acanthamoeba spp
149
Q

Symptomatic intestinal amebiasis treatment, what recommended treatment for patients who have
progressed to extraintestinal amebiasis.

A

Metronidazole or tinidazole

150
Q

What is the common associated disease or Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba keratitis

A

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba keratitis

Clinical Parasitology (7 decks)

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