Internal Features of Heart

Question 1

key features of right atrium

Answer 1

three venous openings
smooth area including fossa ovalis
rough area including pectinate muscles
with crista and sulcus terminalis to seperate the areas

Question 2

key features of right ventricle

Answer 2

tricuspid valve (anterior, septal and posterior cusp)
chordae tendinae (papillary muscles)
conus arteriosus
septal papillary muscle
septomarginal trabecula
trabecular carnae

Question 3

features of left atrium

Answer 3

4 openings for pulmonary veins
fossa ovalis
smooth and rough walls

Question 4

features of left ventrical

Answer 4

mitral valve anterior/posterior cusp
chordae tendinaea
anterior/posterior papillary muscles

Question 5

valve names and features

Answer 5

tricuspid- anterior, posterior and septal cusps each has associated papillary muscle
pulmonary- apex of conus arteriosus, left, right and anterior cusps
biscuspid- anterior and posterior cusps each has associated papillary muscle
aortic valve- right, left and posterior cusps. assossiated sinuses allow blood to collect in left and right conorary arteries

Question 6

left and right side of heart comparison

Answer 6

less muscularity on right than right
right has crescentric shape left has semilunar shape

Question 7

fetal vs adult circulation

Answer 7

in fetus oxygenated blood enters via umbilical vein
then the blood joins systemic circulation via liver or ductus venosus.
most blood avoid right ventricle via foramen ovale between left and right atria
small amounts of blood in right ventricle end up in the aorta via pulmonary artery and ductus aneriosus

Question 8

atrial septum defect

Answer 8

foramen ovale fails to close at birth
1-2/1000 births
more common in males
tachycardia, murmur, hepatomegaly
may naturally close or may need surgery

Question 9

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 9

ductus arteriosus to close
2/1000 births
asymptomatic
may lead to pulmonary hypertension or right side heart failure