1.a - toxeth and lympstone

Question 1

Toxteth - physical and natural

Answer 1

• Occupies undulating and rising from banks of river mersey → good access for fishing
• Little foreshore as the river is fast flowing in this area
• Stream running through it - ideal location for farming

Question 1

Lympstone - natural and physical

Answer 1

• Occupies a small valley cut by wotton Brook through the red breccia cliffs that mark the edge of exe estuary
  1.5 km estuary
• Small pebble beach with gravel at base of cliffs

Question 2

Toxteth - demographic

Answer 2

• Majority between 16-64
• Ethnic diversity - 21%
• Long history of immigration - large amount of influx irish in 19th century
• Following WW2 the employment / housing attracted migrants
• Cheap housing / major economic centres attracting migrants

Question 3

Lympstone - demographic

Answer 3

• Top heavy age structure
• Homogenous ethnically - 1.1% non white
• Dominated by agriculture and tourism
• In 60s/70s → providing few jobs for immigrants

Question 4

Toxteth - socio economic

Answer 4

• Several places are most deprived within the country
• Only 24% own their house
• 27% 16+ with no qualifications
• 54.4% no access to car

Question 5

Lympstone - socio economic

Answer 5

• 66% own their house
• 14% 16+ with no qualifications
• 12.7% no access to car

Question 6

Toxteth - cultural

Answer 6

Cultural change is seen around the time of muslim religious festivals such as eid and ramadan

• As Well as marking these festivals the importance of friday night prayers is different than the christian tradition of sunday
  Mosques
• Different religious groups reflecting demography - jews / greek orthodox
• Synagogue since 19th century
  Caribbean christian migrants
  Reflects multi-cultural diversity of demography

Question 7

Lympstone - cultural

Answer 7

• Largely christian - parish church
• Most religious events tied to christian calendar - easter/ christmas
• Sunday church

Question 8

Toxteth - political

Answer 8

• One of 30 wards making up liverpool city council
• Has powers in education and services/housing and regeneration
• Part of the Liverpool Riverside parliamentary constitutes Electorate of 73L,000

Question 9

lympstone - political

Answer 9

• Has a parish council with 11 elected people → has various powers on local matters
  E.g lighting roads /resources for local clubs
• Express views on planning applications of buildings
• Powers limited as a district and county council occur above them
  Is part of an area that elects 2 district councillors and one country councillor
• Electorate of 72,000

Question 10

Toxteth - built environment

Answer 10

• Has been adapted by migrant communities
• Mosques and ethnic retailers are visual indicators of changing places
• Terraces houses put in for doc workers
• Communities densely populated
  Institutions built for cultures

Question 11

Lympstone - built environment

Answer 11

• Low-order shops closed and turned into residents
• New housing been constructed ; large housing on cliff peripheries
• Heart of village is subjected to strict planning rules and local want to protect the architecture

Question 12

Toxteth - historical

Answer 12

3th century - became large hunting forest remaining fenced off for hundreds of years

16th century - areas changed for farming

17th century - small scale industry making use of water power from dammed stream

• Industrial revolution - forges, copper works and ceramic factories in late 1770s
  Industries like flour milling and brewing developed - to cater for population
  River bank lined with docks/ ship building yards
• Housing scheme developed with wide streets lined by villas built on a greenfield site → for MC away from urban life
  MC would commute into main city

Lead to a wider range of events and more diverse demographic

Question 13

Lympstone - historically

Answer 13

Agriculture / fishing

• 13th century - small ports operating cross-channel trade links
• Up until 19th century ship building - but as got bigger ceased
  Estuary used for fishing / shellfish industry
• 1840s - beginning of tourism + attracted wealthy families who liked novelty of being by the sea → lead to shaping of built environment to cater
• 1861 - railway improved interconnectivity regionally and nationally
  Many commute to go to Exter
  Time - space compression - allowed for wider market for exports + easy travel to Exeter

Greater flow of tourism in the summer

SOme historical buildings now used for tourism and holiday lets

Past traditions focused on traditional english areas celebrate mayday