3.a distribution of wealth is uneven

Question 1

What is social inequality?

Answer 1

The unequal distribution of factors such as income, education or health across a population

• cna be evident at global/ national or local scale

Question 2

what is quality of life?

Answer 2

the extent to which basic needs and desires are socially, psych and physically met.

• access to services
• are all human rights met

Question 3

what is stardard of living?

Answer 3

the ability to access services and standards of living are low.

Question 4

What is deprivation

Answer 4

when quality of life and standard of living - different to poverty

Question 5

Whats the link between wealth and standard of living?

Answer 5

the more wealthy tends to lead to a greater choice of housing / education/ diet

Question 6

how might a rise in income not lead to good quality of life?

Answer 6

• long work hours
• long commutes
• stress and mental health impacts
• quality of environment

Question 7

social aspects of inequality

Answer 7

• fear of crime / events of crime
• % of benefits and FSM
• access to health
• educaiton standards

Question 8

physical aspects of social inequality

Answer 8

• quality of housing
• level of pollution
• litter
• graffiti
• vandalism

Question 9

political aspects of social inequality

Answer 9

• opportunities to participate in votes and have an influence

Question 10

economic aspects of social inequality

Answer 10

• % lone pensioners
• access to leisure sevices
• employment access
• % lone parent families

Question 11

how is income measured?

Answer 11

• purchasing power parity world bank £1.25 ppp a day - below this is poverty as cant buy necessities
• relative poverty measure
• gini coefficient - technique used to measure income - a ratio 0-1 the lower the value the more the income distribution

Question 12

What is the Gini coefficient ?

Answer 12

technique used to measure income - a ratio 0-1 the lower the value the more the income distribution

Question 13

How is housing measured?

Answer 13

Housing tenure ownership
* owners outright in form of mortgage
* some rent from local counsil
* lIDC slum settlements

Question 14

How is education measured?

Answer 14

• often measured through literacy - read or write
• also informal education such as learning in the home
• skills learned

Question 15

how is employment measured?

Answer 15

• each country may have different views on what counts as employment
• earning of wages indicator

Question 16

Patterns of social ienquality uk

Answer 16

• north south divide
• rural urban divide
• differences within areas

Question 17

why is there social inequality ?

wealth

Answer 17

The ability to purchase goods and services is vital for wellbeing
* Lower incomes → often attached to lower educational attainment / poor access to services and lack of these formal qualifications create obstacles for obtaining job qualifications
* Cost of living is important → if income rises but increased spendings od necessities occurs which outstrips the increase the individual is less well off

So if they use up all this disposable income the amount left at the end of spending

Question 18

housing

Answer 18

Quality of housing is an indicator of social inequality

• The smaller the income → less choice of housing - poor quality housing often creating ill health and overcrowding
• Inequality in access often occurs when demand > supply → slum housing due to lack of housing due to this rapid urbanization
• Homelessness is a large issue
• Affordability of housing → if house prices are rising faster than wages many can feel excluded from the house market as it becomes inaccessible for them
• Since the 1980s social housing availability has massively decreased → the rise in second home buyers migrating to villages prices have raised above accessibility for families.

Question 19

health

Answer 19

lear link can be observed between ill health and deprivation
* Sub - standard housing / poor diet / stress of a day to day living can take toll on health and wellbeing
* Distribution of access to healthcare services is uneven e.g elderly having limited mobility restricts access to certain gp practices
* Rural areas medical is often dispersed so without transport is hard to access

Question 20

education

Answer 20

Differing access to educational resources is a significant element in creating social inequality.

• Millennium development goals → one was to increase access to primary education with govt investing in raising sol and quality of live
• Illiteracy excludes people from education → therefore reducing employment an unable to gain a stable income
• LIDCS and rural regions hard to access education even a basic one is difficult

Question 21

Access to services

Answer 21

Global scale significant inequalities in accessing services
E.g number of doctors per 1,000
* Norway - 4 (ac) Brazil - 2 (EDC) Kenya under 1 (LIDC)
* Regional differences urban capital cities → access is better than in peripheral regions away from core suffer

• A rural urban divide is evident / those with higher incomes gain a greater choice as those with lower income struggle to access retail / public resources/ banking
  E.g access to internet those who are wealthy are able to afford gadgets and good wifi
• ( evidently in some LIDC and EDCs this access to technology is transforming lives and reducing inequalities) → with solar energy allows remote places to become linked in
• Social inequality can persist in areas such as north korea as internet access is severely controlled

Question 22

what three factors affects access to services?

Answer 22

Number of services
How easy it is to get service
Social and economic factors