G protein linked second messengers

Question 1

What is the function of alpha 1 receptor and G-protein class

Answer 1

1. Gq
2. Vasoconstriction

Question 2

What is the function of alpha 2 receptor and class

Answer 2

1. Gi
2. Vasodilation

Question 3

What is beta 1 function

Answer 3

Increase heart rate and contractility
Increase renin

Question 4

What is beta 2 fxn

Answer 4

Vasodilation
Increase insulin

Question 5

Is the the alpha 1 & 2, beta 1 & 2 receptor sympathetic or parasympathetic

Answer 5

Sympathetic

Question 6

Do alpha & beta receptor use
A. Ach
B. NE/Epi
C. Histamine
D. Cheese

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Which receptor decrease heart rate and contractility of atria

Answer 7

M2

Question 8

John comes to your office due to an urinary incontinent which receptor does the med you prescribe inhibits the incontinent

Answer 8

M3

Question 9

Norepinephrine is a _________ agonist that affects predominantly ____,___,____ receptors with little include on_____receptors

Answer 9

André ergib
A1,A2,B1
B2

Question 10

Phenylephrine binds to ____receptors

Answer 10

Alpha 1

Question 11

Watch for exacerbation of COPD, asthma, and peptic ulcer in susceptible patients what agents

Answer 11

Cholinomimetic agents

Question 12

Bill comes in with urinary retention what do you give

Answer 12

Bethanechol
Direct agonist
Cholinomimetic agent
Actives bladder smooth Muschel resistent to AChE

Question 13

Kat comes with a dx of open angle glaucoma a referral from Dr G what med would you recommend

Answer 13

Carbachol
Cholinomimetic
Same as Ach

Question 14

What is Neostigmine MOA, clinical use

Answer 14

Increase ACh
Indirect agonists (antichoinesterases)
No CNS penetration
Post operative, MG, urinary retention

Question 15

What is Physostigmine

Answer 15

Freely crosses BBB
Antidote for anticholinergic toxicity

Question 16

A farmer comes in with diarrhea, urination, mitosis , bronchospasm, low heart rate. What’s his dx? What do you give?

Answer 16

Organophosphate poisoning
Atropine and pralidoxime

Question 17

Ipratropium and tiotropium is use in asthma. What receptor does it work on?

Answer 17

Muscarinic antagonist

Question 18

Atropine is a________ agonist or antagonist. Use to treat_______

Answer 18

Muscarinic antagonist
Bradycardia

Question 19

A 3-year-old child has been admitted to the emergency department having swallowed the contents of 2 bottles of a nasal decongestant. The active ingredient of the medication is a potent, selective α-adrenoceptor agonist drug. Which of the following is a sign of α-receptor activation that may occur in this patient?
(A) Bronchodilation
(B) Cardiac acceleration (tachycardia)
(C) Pupillary dilation (mydriasis)
(D) Renin release from the kidneys
(E) Vasodilation of the blood vessels of the skin

Answer 19

Mydriasis can be caused by contraction of the radial fibers of the iris; these smooth muscle cells have α receptors. All the other listed responses are mediated by β adrenoceptors (Table 6–4). The answer is C.

Question 20

Mr Green is a 60-year-old man with poorly controlled hypertension of 170/110 mm Hg. He is to receive minoxidil. Minoxidil is a powerful arteriolar vasodilator that does not act on autonomic receptors. Which of the following effects will be observed if no other drugs are used?
(A) Tachycardia and increased cardiac contractility
(B) Tachycardia and decreased cardiac output
(C) Decreased mean arterial pressure and decreased cardiac
contractility
(D) Decreased mean arterial pressure and increased salt and
water excretion by the kidney
(E) No change in mean arterial pressure and decreased car-
diac contractility

Answer 20

Because of the compensatory responses, a drug that directly decreases blood pressure through a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance will cause a reflex increase in sympathetic outflow, an increase in renin release, and a decrease in para- sympathetic outflow. As a result, heart rate and cardiac force will increase. In addition, salt and water retention will occur. The answer is A.

Question 21

Full activation of the parasympathetic nervous system is likely to produce which of the following effects?
(A) Bronchodilation
(B) Decreased intestinal motility
(C) Increased thermoregulatory sweating
(D) Increased pupillary constrictor tone (miosis)
(E) Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Answer 21

Parasympathetic discharge causes bronchial and intestinal smooth muscle contraction and bradycardia. Thermoregula- tory (eccrine) sweat glands are innervated by sympathetic cholinergic fibers, not parasympathetic. The answer is D.

Question 22

A crop duster pilot has been accidentally exposed to a high concentration of a highly toxic agricultural organophosphate insecticide. If untreated, the cause of death from such expo- sure would probably be
(A) Cardiac arrhythmia
(B) Gastrointestinal bleeding
(C) Heart failure
(D) Hypotension
(E) Respiratory failure

Answer 22

Respiratory failure, from neuromuscular paralysis or CNS depression, is the most important cause of acute deaths in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity. The answer is E.

Question 23

A 3-year-old child is admitted to the emergency department after taking a drug from her parents’ medicine cabinet. The signs suggest that the drug is an indirect-acting cholinomi- metic with little or no CNS effect and a duration of action of about 2–4 h. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these effects?
(A) Acetylcholine
(B) Bethanechol
(C) Neostigmine
(D) Physostigmine
(E) Pilocarpine

Answer 23

Neostigmine is the prototypical indirect-acting cholinomi- metic; it is a quaternary (charged) substance with poor lipid solubility; its duration of action is about 2–4 h. Physostig- mine is similar but has good lipid solubility and significant CNS effects. The answer is C.

Question 24

Actions and clinical uses of muscarinic cholinoceptor ago- nists include which one of the following?
(A) Bronchodilation (treatment of asthma)
(B) Miosis (treatment of glaucoma)
(C) Decreased gastrointestinal motility (treatment of
diarrhea)
(D) Decreased neuromuscular transmission and relaxation of
skeletal muscle (during surgical anesthesia)
(E) Increased sweating (treatment of fever)

Answer 24

Muscarinic agonists cause accommodation and cyclospasm, the opposite of paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia). In acute angle-closure glaucoma and chronic open-angle glaucoma, this may result in a desirable increased outflow of aqueous and decreased intraocular pressure. These agents may cause bronchospasm but have no effect on neuromuscu- lar transmission. They may cause diarrhea and are not used in its treatment. Muscarinic agonists may also cause sweating, but drug-induced sweating is of no value in the treatment of fever. The answer is B.

Question 25

Activation of α1 -adrenoceptors mediates

Answer 25

Activation of α1 -adrenoceptors mediates smooth muscle contraction, leading to VC, dilation of pupils, and contraction of the bladder sphincter muscle

Question 26

Phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine cause

Answer 26

α1 -receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and aer used as nasal decongestant

Question 27

Activation of α2-adrenoceptors inhibits

Answer 27

the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons, decreases the secretion of aqueous humor, and decreases the secretion of insulin.
• Selective α2-adrenoceptor agonists are used to reduce intraocular pressure (apraclonidine and brimonidine), reduce systemic blood pressure (clonidine), produce sedation(dexmedetomidine), and facilitate drug abstinence(clonidine)

Question 28

Activation of β1-adrenoceptors?

Answer 28

Activation of β1-adrenoceptors produces cardiac stimulation and increases the secretion
of renin, whereas activation of β2-adrenoceptors mediates smooth muscle relaxation.
• The β1-adrenoceptor agonists such as dobutamine are used to increase cardiac output and blood pressure, whereas the β2-adrenoceptor agonists such as albuterol are
employed as bronchodilators in treating asthma.

Question 29

Differentiation of high-dose epinephrine versus
norepinephrine
???

Answer 29

Differentiation of high-dose epinephrine versus
norepinephrine
???