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A&P > hfchapter 4 > Flashcards

hfchapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

catabolism is?

A

when a large molecule is BROKEN DOWN into smaller molecules.

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2
Q

metabolic pathways are?

A

multiple chemical reactions one following another to produce a FINAL PRODUCT.

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3
Q

transcription is?

A

process of coping the genetic information of DNA to RNA molecules.

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4
Q

what are the types of supporting connective tissue?

A

cartilage and bone

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5
Q

which of the following are function of the integumentary system?

A

absorption, sensory reception, and secretion.

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6
Q

two types of osseous tissues are?

A

spongy bones and compact bones.

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7
Q

Cofactors of enzymes are?

A

small organic molecules and elements.

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8
Q

enzymes work by?

A

lowering the activation energy.

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9
Q

what are the three main categories of connective tissues?

A

connective tissue prospers, supporting connective tissues and liquid connective tissues.

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10
Q

neural tissues are specialized for?

A

electoral impulse conduction (nerve impulse).

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11
Q

which tissue is specialized for sensory reception?

A

nervous tissue.

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12
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

cardiac, smooth and skeletal

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13
Q

the way to classify epiphytal cells is shape and number of layers.

A

true.

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14
Q

the layer of skin that contains papillary and reticular layers is the?

A

dermis.

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15
Q

what is the organ of the integumentary system?

A

skin.

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16
Q

melanocytes respond to UV radiation by?

A

increasing melanin production.

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17
Q

which vitamin is produced in the epidermis and necessary for the absorption of calcium?

A

viaticum D.

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18
Q

skin is involved with the primary homeostatic function of regulating temperature,

A

goosebumps and vesications/ vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels.

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19
Q

how are bones classified?

A

by their shape.

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20
Q

the function unit of compact bones?

A

osteon.

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21
Q

how many pairs of true ribs are there?

A

7

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22
Q

what is the function of the skeletal system?

A

mineral storage, structure support, and protection.

23
Q

the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

the upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles.

24
Q

tissues

A

group of similar cells with common function

25
Q

4 types of tissues

A

epitherlial tissue, connective tissues, muscle tissues, and nervous tissues.

26
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers body surface, cover and line internal organs, compose of glands. (Protects, secretes, absorption, and excretion.)

27
Q

connective tissues

A

widely spread throughout the body. (Binds, supports, protects, fills space, stores fats, produces blood cells, and stores energy.

28
Q

Muscle

A

Attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart. Movement (contraction)

29
Q

Nervous

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves. Conduct impulses for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception.

30
Q

endocrine glands

A

secrete hemosome into tissues fluid then the hormones.

31
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete into ducts that open onto a surface.

32
Q

merocrine glands

A

Secrete fluid products by exocytosis; salivary and sweat glands, pancreas.

33
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Lose small part of cell during secretion; mammary and ceruminous glands.

34
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Release entire cells filled with product; sebaceous glands, so has to replace lost cells through mitosis.

35
Q

Compact Bone

A

Osteoblasts deposit matrix in lamellae (layers)
Lamellae occur in rings around central canals.

36
Q

Osteons

A

structural and function unit of compact bone;
Osteons comprised of many Osteocytes + matrix + central canal form cylindrical units called Osteocytes send out processes into canaliculi, and share blood supply

37
Q

Osteons

A

Osteons are cemented together to form compact bone
Central canals contain blood vessels; bone is well-nourished, heals more quickly than cartilage

38
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Makes up interior part of bone
Consists of bony plates containing osteocytes, with space between them for marrow
Lighter in weight than compact bone

39
Q

4 types of tissue membrane

A

Serous membranes, Mucous membranes, Cutaneous membranes, Synovial membranes

40
Q

Serous membranes

A

Line body cavities that do not open to outside of body.
Inner linings of thorax and abdomen; covers organs.
Simple squamous epithelium + areolar connective tissue.
Secrete serous fluid for lubrication, reducing friction.
Pericardium surrounding heart, peritoneum in peritoneal cavity, pleura covering lungs

41
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Line cavities and tubes that open to the outside of body.
Lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
Epithelium + areolar connective tissue.
Goblet cells secrete mucus.

42
Q

Cutaneous membranes

A

Covers body surface.
Commonly called skin (Epidermis and Dermis).
Part of integumentary system

43
Q

Synovial membranes

A

Epithelial layer is not complete here.
Connective tissue complete.
Line freely moveable joint cavities.

44
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Holocrine glands
Usually associated with hair follicles
Produce sebum, which consists of fatty material and cellular debris
Sebum keeps hair and skin soft and waterproof
Excess sebum can result in acne
Absent on palms and soles

45
Q

Epiphysis

A

expanded end

46
Q

Diaphysis

A

bone shaft

47
Q

Articular cartilage

A

covers epiphysis

48
Q

Periosteum

A

encloses bone; dense connective tissue

49
Q

Compact (cortical) bone

A

wall of diaphysis

50
Q

Spongy (cancellous) bone

A

makes up epiphyses

51
Q

Trabeculae

A

branching bony plates, make up spongy bone

52
Q

Medullary cavity

A

hollow chamber in diaphysis; contains marrow

53
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines spaces of medullary cavity

54
Q
A

A&P (17 decks)

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