Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A HL Chemistry 2024/2025 > Structure 1.1 > Flashcards

Structure 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pure substance

A

Made up of only one chemical element or compounds made of two or more elements - has a definite and constant composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chemical element

A

A substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances, consists of atoms containing the same number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Solid (s)

A

Occupy a fixed space and volume. Particles are held closely together in a lattice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Liquid (l)

A

Fixed volume that takes the shape of the container. Particles are close together but move randomly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gas (g)

A

Completely fills the container, particles are widely spaced and move rapidly and randomly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Heat

A

A measure of total energy in a substance. Depends on the mass of the substance. Measured in joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of average kinetic energy “hotness”. Measured in kelvin (K)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does water boil?

A

When the vapour pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Lowering pressure lowers the boiling point.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lattice

A

Repeating 3-D arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules in a crystal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kinetic theory of matter - changes of state

A

In solid, lattice structure. Once heated, particles have sufficient energy to break the lattice and become liquid. Heat is added and particles move faster, have enough energy to overcome attractive forces and escape as a vapour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Melting

A

Solid to liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Freezing

A

Liquid to solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vaporization

A

Liquid to gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid to gas below boiling point - particles at the surface gain enough energy to escape as a vapour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Boiling

A

Liquid to gas at boiling point, when external pressure is equal to vapour pressure (all particles gain enough energy to turn to vapour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas without passing through the liquid state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to solid without passing through the liquid state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cooling curve - why is temperature constant for about 8 minutes?

A

Equilibrium is formed between heat given out due to formation of attractive forces and heat lost to environment exothermically.

21
Q

What is one mL and one L

A

mL = cm^3
L = dm^3

22
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved

23
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid that dissolves the solute

24
Q

Solution

A

When a solute dissolves in a solvent

25
Q

Soluble

A

Substance that can dissolve in a solvent

26
Q

Insoluble

A

Substance that cannot dissolve in a solvent

27
Q

Miscible

A

Two liquids that can dissolve into each other

28
Q

Immiscible

A

Two liquids that cannot dissolve into each other

29
Q

Homogenous

A

All components in the same phase of matter

30
Q

Heterogenous

A

Components in different phases of matter

31
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of pure substances, has no definite or constant composition

32
Q

Filtration

A

Seperates solid particles from a liquid

33
Q

Solvation and evaporation

A

Mixture is warmed with a solvent, filtered to remove insoluble particles and evaporated

34
Q

Recrystillisation

A

Mixture is dissolved in solvent, heated, cooled and crystals are isolated by filtration (less soluble substance)

35
Q

Distillation

A

Used to seperate liquids from less volatile liquids or dissolves components based on boiling points

36
Q

Chromotography

A

Spot of mixture is placed on paper, and solvent rises up the paper

37
Q

Which atom doesn’t have a nucleus composed of neutrons and protons?

A

Hydrogen

38
Q

Which atom doesn’t have a nucleus composed of neutrons and protons?

A

Hydrogen

39
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted mean of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element relative to the C-12 atom

40
Q

What is the difference between relative atomic mass and atomic mass?

A

Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and relative atomic mass is the weighted mean of natural isotopes of the element

41
Q

Nucleon

A

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus

42
Q

Radioisotope

A

The unstable form of an element that emits radiation to transform into a more stable form

43
Q

Relative abundance

A

Percentage of an isotope in a naturally occurring sample of the element

44
Q

Each element produces an emission spectrum - what is this?

A

Discrete lines at particular wavelengths corresponding to the differences between energy levels.

45
Q

Movement of electrons between shells is called what?

A

Electron transititions

46
Q

How can you tell the relative energy of a shell?

A

Energy emitted from electron transititions can be detected and wavelength measured

47
Q

What electron transitions produce UV light?

A

n=7/6/5/4/3/2/ to n=1

48
Q

Which electron transmitions produce infrared light

A

n=7/6/5/4 to n=3/4/5/6

A HL Chemistry 2024/2025 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions