Anatomy semester 2 quiz 2

Question 1

where exactly do neurons communicate with one another (or with other cells)?

Answer 1

synapse

Question 2

presynaptic neuron

Answer 2

sender
neuron conducting impulse

Question 3

postsynaptic neuron

Answer 3

reciever
neuron recieving input

Question 4

synaptic transmission

Answer 4

process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron signals to postsynaptic neuron

Question 5

Process of synaptic transmission number 1

Answer 5

impulse conducting axon —-> synapse

Question 6

Process of synaptic transmission number 2

Answer 6

synaptic knobs on axons release neurotransmitters

Question 7

process of synaptic transmission number 3

Answer 7

neurotransmitters released when impulse reaches end of axon, neurotransmitter diffuse across synaptic cleft

Question 8

process of synaptic transmission number 4

Answer 8

neurotransmitters reach postsynaptic neuron
-exciatory or inhibitory

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

chemical messenger

Question 10

depolarized

Answer 10

state at which the resting potential is reversed as sodium ions rush into the neuron

Question 11

Polarized

Answer 11

electrical condition of the plasma membrance of a resting neuron

Question 12

sodium cations

Answer 12

at rest, this ion is at greater concentration outside of the cell than inside

Question 13

NMJ

Answer 13

when a synapse exists betweena neuron and a muscle cell

Question 14

resting potential

Answer 14

the condition in which there are fewer positive ions on the inside of the neuron’s plasma membrance than there are on its outer face

Question 15

irritability

Answer 15

the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a nerve impulse

Question 16

potassium cations

Answer 16

at rest, the major positive ions inside the cell are this ion

Question 17

an action potential is commonly reffered to as a

Answer 17

nerve impulse

Question 18

myelin

Answer 18

speeds up the transmission of a nerve impulse

Question 19

saltatory conduction

Answer 19

the transmission of nerve impulses in myelinated axons leaps from node along the fiber

Question 20

resting potential

Answer 20

the plasma membrane is inactive. THe condition in which there are fewer positive ions on the inside of the neurons plasma membrance than there are on its outer face

Question 21

action potential

Answer 21

a nerve impulse.

Question 22

depolarization

Answer 22

when the potassium ions begin to move outside to restore the resting membrane potential

Question 23

repolarization

Answer 23

when the potassium ions begin to move outside to restore the resting membrane potential

Question 24

all or nothing law

Answer 24

if a nerve fiber carries any impulse, it will carry a full strength impulse

Question 25

conductivity

Answer 25

the ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Question 26

sodium potassium pump

Answer 26

found in out cell membranes, pumps sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, powered by ATP

Question 27

Refractory period

Answer 27

period of the neuron during which it cannot respond to a second stimulus

Question 28

synapse

Answer 28

space between the neurons

Question 29

a depolarization event conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve fiber

Answer 29

action potential

Question 30

a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrance

Answer 30

action potential

Question 31

sequence of events for a nerve impulse step 1

Answer 31

nerve cell membrane maintains resting potential by diffusion of Na+ and K+ down their concentration gradients as the cell pumps them up the gradients

Question 32

sequence of events for a nerve impulse step 2

Answer 32

neurons recieve stimulation,k causing local potentials, which may sum to reach threshold

Question 33

sequence of events for anerve impulse step 3

Answer 33

sodium channels in the trigger zone of the axon open

Question 34

sequence of events for a nerve impulse step 4

Answer 34

sodium ions diffuse inward, depolarizing the membrane

Question 35

sequence of events for a nerve impulse step 5

Answer 35

potassium channels in the membrane open

Question 36

sequence of events for a nerve impulse step 6

Answer 36

potassium ions diffuse outward, repolarizing the membrane

Question 37

sequence of events for a nerve impulse step 7

Answer 37

the resulting action potential causes an electric current that stimulates adjacent portions of the membrane

Question 38

sequence of events for a nerve impulse step 8

Answer 38

action potentials occur sequentially along the length of the axon

Question 39

neurons resting potential

Answer 39

neurons hold a negative change -70mv

Question 40

a neuron remains at resting potential when there is not enough of a ______ present

Answer 40

stimulus

Question 41

when a neuron is at resting potential it holds a slightly ________ charge

Answer 41

negative

Question 42

neurotransmitter stimulate the gated _____ channels to open in the trigger zone of the axon

Answer 42

sodium

Question 43

The neuron experiences depolarizatin when ______ cations move inside

Answer 43

sodium

Question 44

Immediately after depolarization, ______ channels open

Answer 44

potassium

Question 45

depolarization means the neuron becomes ______ negatively charged.

Answer 45

less

Question 46

Repolarization means the neuron becomes ____ negatively charged

Answer 46

more

Question 47

the rapid depolarization and repolarization of a region causes an _____ current, which stimulates th enext region

Answer 47

electric