connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of connective tissue?

A

-mechanical support
-protection and insulation
-compartmentalisation
-metabolic support

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2
Q

what dopes the function of connective tissue depend on?

A

-matrix constituents
-proportions of matrix components
-organisation
-ability to interact

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3
Q

what are the two types of connective tissue?

A

-areolar connective tissue
-fibrous/ dense connective tissue

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4
Q

what does areolar connective tissue do? what does it consist of?

A

holds organs and epithelia in place and consists of a variety of loose proteinaceous fibres including collagen and elastin

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5
Q

what does fibrous connective tissue consist of and what does it do?

A

consists of densely packed collagen fibres with great tensile strength and forms dermis ligaments and tendons

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6
Q

whats the connective tissue in blood?

A

a fluid matrix around cells

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7
Q

what’s the connective tissue in adipose?

A

mainly cells surrounded by thin matrices

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8
Q

what is the connective tissue in bone?

A

its a rigid matrix of collagen fibres embedded in a mineralised matrix with hydroxyapatite

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9
Q

what is the connective tissue in cartilage?

A

a matrix of polysaccharides with a few collagen II fibres

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10
Q

what two types of cells do connective tissues contain?

A

either resident cells or transient cells

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11
Q

what do fibroblasts do and give examples

A

responsible for secretion and maintenance of the matrix within connective cell tissue e.g.
-fibroblasts becoming myofibroblasts at the site of an open wound
-osteocytes to osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the bone
-chondrocytes to chondroblasts in the cartilage

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12
Q

what are the components of extracellular matrix?

A

-collagen
-elastin
-proteoglycans
-glycoproteins

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13
Q

what percentage of protein in the body is collagen?

A

25-30%

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14
Q

what type of collagen does do basement membranes contain?

A

type IV and type VIIII

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15
Q

what do basement membranes surround?

A

-muscle and fat cells
-underlie epithelial cells
-underlie endothelial cells

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16
Q

what collagen are in facits?

A

type IX and type XII

17
Q

what are the different collagen orientations giving examples

A

-one direction in the force of extertion e.g. optic nerve
-basket like weave criss-crossed to withstand tension e.g. lamina cribrosa
-regular erray of small uniform diameter fibrils e.g. cornea

18
Q

how are the collagen fibrils in the cornea transparent?

A

by being within lamellae to allow light to be transmitted

19
Q

give two elastic fibres

A

elastin core
fibrillin microfibrils

20
Q

what is the role of elastic fibres?

A

-elasticity
-extensibility

21
Q

what are the roles of fibrilin in the lens?

A

to form suspensory fibres that make up the zonules that secure the lens

22
Q

how is both elastin and collagen useful in the tissue?

A

elastin allows deformation and recovery of the structure
collagen provides strength and limits deformation to prevent damage

23
Q

name a protein in the extracellular matrix. what does it contain? name some types of this chemical

A

proteogylcan which contains glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) some of which are chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate and keratan sulphate

24
Q

what do proteoglycans have high sulphation?

A

so they have a negative charge. this makes them hydrophillic and allows them to form a hydrated gel which can withstand compression

25
Q

what are the three functions of proteoglycans?

A

-regulation of collagen fibril diameter,
-biomechanical function where they resist compression
-cell signalling

26
Q

give examples of glycoproteins

A

-fibronectin
-laminin
-vitronectin
-tenascin
-thrombospondin

27
Q

what are the functions of glycoproteins?

A

-cell-matrix attachment
-cell adhesion
-regulation of cell migration, cell attachment, matrix organisation, shape

28
Q

what is the function of glycosaminoglycans in connective tissue?

A

to give ability to resist compression