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bio 20 > cardiovascular system chaper 10 > Flashcards

cardiovascular system chaper 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Lead into smaller arteries called arterioles.

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2
Q

what is the arteries made out of

A

Walls are composed of distinct layers made of connective tissue and muscle

  • Stretch to accommodate the surge of blood (pulse)
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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

regulates diameter of arterioles by involuntarily stimulating the smooth muscles with nerve impulse

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4
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of blood vessels then less blood in the tissues

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5
Q

Vasodilation

A

widening of blood vessels allowing more blood to the tissues

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6
Q

what is the smallest vessiles

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest vessel only let one red blood cells pass at a time and helps deliver o2 and nutrients

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8
Q

Oxygenated meaning

A

(oxygen rich blood) blood appears red because lots of oxygen

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9
Q

Deoxygenated meaning

A

(oxygen poor) blood appears dark/brick red as it leaves the capillary

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10
Q

are the capillaries easily destroyed or strong

A

Are easily destroyed by pressure

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11
Q

Veins job

A

carries blood toward the heart

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12
Q

what type of pressure do valves and skeletal muscles work in (high or low)

A

Valves and skeletal muscles work together in a low pressure system then move blood back to the heart

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13
Q

what do valves in vains do

A

prevent blood flowing backward

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14
Q

what do the muscles in vains do

A

contract to push against the vein that pushes the blood through valve to heart

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15
Q

what is atherosclerosis

A

degeneration of blood vessel

bc of fat built up in inner walls so heart has to work harder

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16
Q

how does artherosclerosis occur

A

from lots of fat deposit in the inner wall

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17
Q

what is the aneurysm

A

bulge that occurs in the wall when theres weakend blood vessel (usally an artery)

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18
Q

what is the disease varicose veins

A

venous blood pools in the vains and it damages the valves and veins and they become larger and start to bulge

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19
Q

how do hemorrhages occur

A

its the escape of blood in blood vessel especially when profuse

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20
Q

how does a stroke occur

A

sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain and theres less oxygen in the brain

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21
Q

what can strokes result in

A

they can result in cell death

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22
Q

what is the hearts function

A

muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

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23
Q

what is the pericardium (involving heart

A

fluid filled membrane thats all around heart so theres no friction

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24
Q

what does the septum do (involving heart

A

it seperates thee heart into teo parallel pumps the right and the left heart

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25
Q

what is the right side of the heart system called

A

pulmonary circulatory system

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26
Q

what does the pulmonary side do

A

receives deoxygented blood from body then pumps it into the lungs

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27
Q

what is the left side called of the heart system

A

systemic circulatory system

28
Q

what does the ststemic circulatory system do

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs then pumps it to the cells of the body

29
Q

how many chambers are in the heart and how many atria and ventricles

A

4 chambers, 2 atria, 2 ventricles

30
Q

what does the atria do

A

thin walled chamber in the heart and it gets and recives the blood from the veins

31
Q

what is the ventricle

A

it has thick walls and is chamber in heart that deivers blood to arteries

32
Q

what are the 2 valves called

A

atrioventricular (av) valves
semilunar valves

33
Q

what does the atrioventricular valve do

A

seperate atria from ventricles they stop blood from flowing back into atria

34
Q

what does the semilunar valve do

A

half moon shaped seperates ventricles from arteries stop blood flowing back ventricles

35
Q

what are the 2 arteries called and the arteries function

A

carry blood away from the heart and theres the aotra and the plumonary arteries

36
Q

what does the aotra do

A

its the largest artery in body and carries blood away from heart

37
Q

coronary arteries function means same as pulmonary artery

A

branch from aorta and supplys muscle cells of the heart with oxygen and nutrients

38
Q

what are nodes

A

theyre electrical stiumulations that happen automatically fromt the nervious system

39
Q

what does the sa node do also called sinolatatrial node

A

its the “peacemaker” and it is at the top of right atrium electrical charge spreads to av node

40
Q

what does the av node do also called the atrioventricular node

A

its at the boarder of the right atrium right bellow were the sa node is located and recives and gets charge from sa and spreads charge

41
Q

what are the purkinje fibers

A

nerve like chemical and can quickly conduct a impulse so ventriclews can contract (reseves charge of electrical surrent form av node which gets it from sa node)

42
Q

what is the lubb sound from

A

its from the av valves closing

moving blood through atruim to ventricle to contract and blood by semilunar valves

43
Q

what is the dubb sound from

A

the dubb is from when blood is passing and closes and makes dubb sound

44
Q

plumanary veins job

A

carry the oxygen rich blood or the new blood after gas exchange into heart

45
Q

plumanary arteies job

A

to move blood out to lungs

46
Q

automatic nerves meaning

A

it stands for nerves that are automatic and is frokm nevous system

47
Q

how sympathic nevers are stimulated and what they do to body

A

stimulated from stress and raise blood flow

48
Q

how parasympathic nevers are stimulated and what they do to body

A

stimulated during relaxation and slow heart rate help increase bpm and bp

49
Q

the way blood flows through the heart

A

1) enters from the vena cava (supirior or inferior) 2) then goes into the right atrium 3) goes down the tricuspid valve 4) then goes into the right ventricle 5) then goes through semilunar vale to 5) to plumanary artery 6) brings to lungs does gas exchange 7) enters plumanary viens 8) left atrium 9) down the bicuspid valve to 10) left ventricle 11) then through semi lunar 12) aorta 13) body!

50
Q

blood pressue meaning

A

fluid pressure in blood vessel for every beat

51
Q

diastole meaning or diastolic

A

reading when heart relaxing lower #

52
Q

systole meaning or systolic

A

reading during heart contraction higher # on top and says how much heart can handle for every contraction

53
Q

stroke volume

A

its quantity blood every beat

54
Q

cardiac output

A

quantity blood in one min

55
Q

whats used to measure blood pressure

A

spygmomamameter

56
Q

what formula do you use to find the cardiac output

A

times the stroke vol and the heart beat

57
Q

what causes high blood pressure

A

stress diet ect

58
Q

what causes low blood pressure

A

shock in circulatiory, genetics, blood loss ( hemorage )

59
Q

how is high blood pressure regulated

A

parasympathetic nervous response to decrease BP

60
Q

how is low blood pressure regulated

A

sympathetic nervous response to increase BP

61
Q

what is the process of fluid pressure where does it occur

A

its the water and soluble ions leaving the artery because its high pressure and water wants to go to low pressure (ECF)

capilliarys to ecf

62
Q

what is the fluid pressure process called

A

filtration bc leaving

63
Q

what is osmotic pressure where does it occur

A

it happens on the venucle side and its when water and soluble ions enter from ecf to capillaries

(it comes back in because the venule side has low pressure and also is hyertonic and ecf is hypotonic)

ecf to capillares

64
Q

what is another name for osmotic pressure

A

it also stands for absorbtion

65
Q

what happens to the amount of fluid pressure that isnt fully taken by the osmotic pressure

A

it goes into the lymph system and the lymph helps sort through eveything left in the ecf and they move it back into the circulatory system

66
Q

what is ateriosclerosis

A

its when the vessels looses the elasticity and the walls of it start to harden

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