The Neuromuscular System Flashcards
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate
The function of our internal organs as such as the heart and controls some of our skeletal muscles within the body
How does the autonomic nervous system work
Works involuntarily
How is the movement of muscles controlled by
The brain via nerves
What is the neuromuscular system
Where the muscles and nervous system work together to allow movement
When do changes in the neuromuscular system take place
Before,during and after the exercise
What system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems apart of
The autonomic nervous system
What is the role of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems
Transmit information from the brain to the parts of the body that need to adjust what they are doing to prepare for exercise
What does the sympathetic system prepare
The body for exercise and is often referred to as the fight or flight response
What does the parasympathetic system do
Opposite effect of the sympathetic system and relaxes the body and slows down many high energy functions
What are the types of muscle fibres
Slow oxidative (type 1 or slow twitch fibres)
Fast oxidative glycolytic (type 2a)
Fast glycolytic (type 2b)
What is the proportion of muscle fibres dependant on
Dependant on different people and what sport they play
What muscles tend to have a greater proportion of slow twitch fibres
Postural muscles as they are involved in maintaining body position over a long period of time
What are slow twitch fibres
-slower contraction speed than fast twitch fibres
-better adapted to lower intensity exercise
-Produce most of their energy anaerobically
What are fast twitch fibres
-faster contraction speed than slow twitch fibres
-generate much greater force of contraction
-fatigue very quickly
-produce most energy anaerobically
-two types 2a 2b
What are type 2a fibres
-fast oxidative glycolytic
-fibres more resistant to fatigue than 2b
-used for 1500m in athletics where a longer burst of energy is needed
What are type 2b fibres
-Fast glycolytic
-fibres fatigue much quicker than type 2a
-used for highly explosive event e.g. 100m
What is the contraction speed of each of the muscle fibres
Type 1: Slow (110m/s)
Type 2a: Fast (50m/s)
Type 2b: Fast (50m/s)
What is the motor neurone size in each of the muscle fibres
Type 1: Small
Type 2a: Large
Type 2b: Large
What is the motor neurone conduction capacity in each fibre
Type 1: Slow
Type 2a: Fast
Type 2b: Fast
What is the force produced in each of the muscle fibres
Type 1: low
Type 2a: High
Type 2b: High
What is the fatigability on each if the muscle fibres
Type 1:low
Type 2a:medium
Type 2b:High
What is the mitochondrial density in each if the muscle fibres
Type 1: high
Type 2a: medium
Type 2b: low