Structure and Bonding

Question 1

Formation of Covalent Bonds

Answer 1

A covalent bond occurs between non-metal elements. It is a result of two positive nuclei being held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electrons. They share electrons.

Question 2

Formation of polar covalent bonds

Answer 2

A polar covalent bond is formed when the attractions of the atoms for the pair of bonding electrons are different (the elements involved have different electronegativity values). When this occurs the atom with the higher electronegativity value will become delta negative (δ-) and the atom with the lower value will become delta positive (δ+)

Question 3

what are the physical properties of covalent networks?

Answer 3

state at room temp - solid
melting point - high mp

Question 4

what are the physical properties of covalent molecular?

Answer 4

state at room temp - gas or liquids
melting point - low mp

Question 4

what are the physical properties of ionic substances?

Answer 4

state at room temp - solid
melting point - high mp

Question 5

solubility

Answer 5

solubility decreases as molecules increase in size. polar covalent compounds and ionic substances tend to be soluble in water.

Question 6

Electrical conductivity

Answer 6

covalent bonds do not conduct (with the exception of carbon in the form of graphite) ionic bonds can conduct when molten or in a solution.